Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have unique features that might lead to the development of a new class of diabetic medicines. AuNPs were biosynthesized utilizing sodium-alginate. UV-Vis-spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive X-ray were used to examine the particles. The potential of AuNPs for improving the diabetes condition was examined along with swimming in rats. FESEM image revealed the spherical morphology with an average particle size of 106.6 ± 20.8 nm. In the diabetic group, serum glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly higher than the control group. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was significantly higher and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly lower in the diabetic group compared to the control group. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also significantly higher in the D group. However, in the groups treated with swimming and gold, these parameters were significantly improved. Specifically, serum-glucose, BUN, creatinine, cholesterol, and TG levels were significantly reduced, while LDL was significantly decreased in the diabetic + swimming + AuNPs group and HDL was significantly increased in the diabetic + AuNPs group. MDA levels were significantly decreased in the treated groups, and other antioxidants were significantly improved in the diabetic + swimming + AuNPs group. Catalase levels were also significantly improved in the D + gold group. It can be concluded that both AuNPs and swimming can decrease diabetic complications.

中文翻译：

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使用海藻酸盐制备和表征金纳米颗粒：体外和体内评估其对糖尿病大鼠游泳运动的给药效果

金纳米颗粒 (AuNP) 具有独特的特性，可能会导致新型糖尿病药物的开发。 AuNPs 是利用海藻酸钠生物合成的。使用紫外-可见光谱、傅立叶变换红外、场发射扫描电子显微镜 (FESEM) 和能量色散 X 射线来检查颗粒。在大鼠游泳过程中检查了 AuNP 改善糖尿病状况的潜力。 FESEM 图像显示球形形态，平均粒径为 106.6 ± 20.8 nm。糖尿病组的血糖、血尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐、胆固醇和甘油三酯（TG）水平显着高于对照组。与对照组相比，糖尿病组的低密度脂蛋白（LDL）显着升高，高密度脂蛋白（HDL）显着降低。 D 组的丙二醛 (MDA) 水平也显着较高。然而，在接受游泳和金牌治疗的组中，这些参数得到了显着改善。具体来说，糖尿病+游泳+AuNPs组的血清血糖、BUN、肌酐、胆固醇和TG水平显着降低，而LDL显着降低，HDL在糖尿病+AuNPs组显着升高。治疗组的MDA水平显着降低，糖尿病+游泳+AuNPs组的其他抗氧化剂显着改善。 D+金组的过氧化氢酶水平也显着提高。可以得出结论，AuNPs 和游泳都可以减少糖尿病并发症。