Music performance is an intensive sensorimotor task that involves the generation of mental representations of musical information that are actively accessed, maintained, and manipulated according to the demands of the performance. Internal representations and external information interact through feedback and feedforward processes that adjust the musician’s motor behavior to optimize a musical performance. This study aimed to examine the relationship between altered sensory feedback and performance errors. Seventeen experienced pianists aged between 33 and 54 years performed Hanon Exercise N°1 from memory under four different conditions: (1) normal (normal sensory feedback); (2) closed fallboard (altered haptic and auditory feedback); (3) blindfolded (altered visual feedback); and (4) combined (blindfolded and closed fallboard; altered haptic, auditory, and visual feedback). Performance errors were quantified based on a video analysis of the performances. Results indicated that compared with normal performance, participants made significantly more note errors in the blindfolded condition and more bar-adding errors per trial in the closed fallboard condition. The comparison between the normal condition and the three altered sensory feedback conditions revealed the impact of altering sensory feedback in musical performance. These findings are discussed in the context of music learning.

中文翻译：

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改变感觉反馈对钢琴演奏错误的影响：一项探索性研究

音乐表演是一项密集的感觉运动任务，涉及生成音乐信息的心理表征，并根据表演的要求主动获取、维护和操纵这些信息。内部表征和外部信息通过反馈和前馈过程相互作用，调整音乐家的运动行为以优化音乐表演。本研究旨在研究改变的感觉反馈与表现错误之间的关系。十七名年龄在 33 岁至 54 岁之间的经验丰富的钢琴家在四种不同的条件下凭记忆演奏哈农练习 N°1：（1）正常（正常的感觉反馈）； (2) 封闭式琴盖（改变触觉和听觉反馈）； (3) 蒙住眼睛（改变视觉反馈）； (4) 组合（蒙住眼睛并关闭琴盖；改变触觉、听觉和视觉反馈）。根据表演视频分析对表演错误进行量化。结果表明，与正常表现相比，参与者在蒙住眼睛的情况下犯下的音符错误明显更多，而在关闭琴盖的情况下每次试验的加小节错误也更多。正常条件与三种改变的感官反馈条件之间的比较揭示了改变感官反馈对音乐表演的影响。这些发现是在音乐学习的背景下讨论的。