High-speed wide-angle radio detection is crucial for intelligent wireless systems, autonomous vehicles, rescue operations in urgent situations, and security in various fields. This can be achieved through diverse controls of electromagnetic waves. Currently, multidimensional manipulations of electromagnetic waves are determined by dynamic antennas like phased arrays, mechanical beam-steering radars, and programmable metasurface imagers. However, these methods face challenges in achieving rapid responses and large data collection intervals for high-speed sensing and imaging, due to limitations in the speedy explication of analog-to-digital (AD) converters, electronic switches, phase shifters, and stepped motors for radiation beam reconfigurations. To address these challenges, advanced microwave-to-millimeter-wave metasurfaces are introduced, designed to offer joint frequency, polarization, and spatial diversities. The metasurface with a disordered atom permutation enables wide-angle sensing for accurate trajectory tracking of moving objects. On the other hand, a dispersion-engineered atom arrangement allows the metasurfaces to facilitate wide-angle through-wall imaging, effective in detecting objects of varied shapes and positions. The experiments reveal that these metasurfaces can reconstruct objects at 100 frames per second (fps) from a single-shot measurement, allowing 0.3x speed playback for detailed analysis. This demonstrates their potential in high-speed sensing and imaging. Such a breakthrough is pivotal in unveiling new modalities and expanding possibilities in real-time radio applications, including smart transportation, all-condition surveillance, perspective radio, and integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems, especially relevant to technologies of 6G and beyond.

中文翻译：

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通过具有联合频率、偏振和空间分集的宽带超表面进行高速广角传感和成像

高速广角无线电探测对于智能无线系统、自动驾驶汽车、紧急情况下的救援行动以及各个领域的安全至关重要。这可以通过对电磁波的不同控制来实现。目前，电磁波的多维操纵是由相控阵、机械波束控制雷达和可编程超表面成像仪等动态天线决定的。然而，由于模数（AD）转换器、电子开关、移相器和步进电机的快速解释的限制，这些方法在实现高速传感和成像的快速响应和大数据收集间隔方面面临挑战用于辐射束重新配置。为了应对这些挑战，引入了先进的微波到毫米波超表面，旨在提供联合频率、偏振和空间分集。具有无序原子排列的超表面能够实现广角传感，从而实现移动物体的精确轨迹跟踪。另一方面，色散工程原子排列使超表面能够促进广角穿墙成像，有效检测不同形状和位置的物体。实验表明，这些超表面可以通过单次测量以每秒 100 帧 (fps) 的速度重建物体，从而允许以 0.3 倍的速度回放以进行详细分析。这证明了它们在高速传感和成像方面的潜力。这种突破对于揭示新模式和扩大实时无线电应用的可能性至关重要，包括智能交通、全天候监控、透视无线电和集成传感与通信 (ISAC) 系统，特别是与 6G 及更高技术相关的系统。