In previous studies, estimates of the seismic active earth pressure for cohesive soils have typically assumed a constant cohesion strength. However, soils in practical scenarios frequently display considerable nonhomogeneity and anisotropy. In this paper, the authors employed a kinematic framework combined with a rotational failure mechanism consisting of a logarithmic spiral. This study incorporates seismic effects by integrating horizontal seismic coefficients into the equations through the pseudo–static model. From the work–energy balance principle, a closed-form formulation for seismically active earth thrusts was developed. An optimization program was utilized to identify the most critical solution. The effectiveness of the proposed approach was verified by contrasting it with established research methodologies. The analysis revealed that accounting for soil anisotropy yields a notable decrease in the active earth pressure, while accounting for the nonhomogeneity of the soil has a minor effect. This paper accounts for more realistic soil effects, which offers an efficient methodology for determining seismic active earth pressures in nonhomogeneous and anisotropic soils.

中文翻译：

---

非均质和各向异性土壤中的地震主动土压力

在以前的研究中，粘性土的地震主动土压力的估计通常假设恒定的粘聚强度。然而，实际情况中的土壤经常表现出相当大的不均匀性和各向异性。在本文中，作者采用了运动学框架与由对数螺旋组成的旋转失效机制相结合。本研究通过伪静态模型将水平地震系数整合到方程中，从而纳入了地震效应。根据做功-能量平衡原理，开发了地震活动地球推力的封闭式公式。利用优化程序来确定最关键的解决方案。通过与现有研究方法进行对比，验证了所提出方法的有效性。分析表明，考虑土壤各向异性会导致主动土压力显着降低，而考虑土壤的非均匀性则影响较小。本文考虑了更真实的土壤效应，为确定非均质和各向异性土壤中的地震活动土压力提供了一种有效的方法。