Legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were measured in livers of finless porpoises (; = 167) collected in Korean waters from 2002 to 2015 to investigate their occurrence, bioaccumulation feature, temporal trends, and ecotoxicological implications. Perfulorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnDA), and perfluorotridecanoate (PFTrDA) were the predominant PFASs found in the porpoises. The concentration of 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonate (F–53B), an alternative to PFOS, was comparable to that of PFTrDA. Perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA), a precursor of PFOS, was also detected in all the porpoises examined. All PFASs, including F–53B, accumulated to higher concentrations in immature porpoises compared with mature specimens, implying substantial maternal transfer and limited metabolizing capacity for PFASs. A significant correlation was observed between PFOS and F–53B concentrations, indicating similar bioaccumulation processes. Based on prenatal exposure and toxicity, F–53B is an emerging contaminant in marine ecosystems. Significantly increasing trends were observed in the concentrations of sulfonates, carboxylates, and F–53B between 2002/2003 and 2010, whereas the FOSA concentration significantly decreased. During 2010–2015, decreasing trends were observed in the concentrations of FOSA and sulfonates, whereas concentrations of carboxylate and F–53B increased without statistical significance, likely due to a gap for the implementation of regulatory actions between sulfonates and carboxylates. Although PFOS and PFOA were found to pose little health risk to porpoises, the combined toxicological effects of other contaminants should be considered to protect populations and to mitigate PFAS contamination in marine ecosystems.

中文翻译：

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韩国沿海兼捕江豚中遗留和新出现的全氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 的积累特征和时间趋势 (2002-2015)

对 2002 年至 2015 年在韩国水域收集的江豚 (; = 167) 的肝脏中测量了传统和新出现的全氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS)，以研究其发生情况、生物累积特征、时间趋势和生态毒理学影响。全氟辛烷磺酸盐 (PFOS)、全氟十一烷酸盐 (PFUnDA) 和全氟十三烷酸盐 (PFTrDA) 是江豚中发现的主要 PFAS。 PFOS 的替代品 6:2 氯化多氟烷基醚磺酸盐 (F–53B) 的浓度与 PFTrDA 相当。在所有检查的鼠海豚中也检测到了全氟辛烷磺酰胺（FOSA），全氟辛烷磺酸的前体。与成熟样本相比，包括 F-53B 在内的所有 PFAS 在未成熟江豚中积累的浓度更高，这意味着大量的母体转移和 PFAS 的代谢能力有限。 PFOS 和 F-53B 浓度之间观察到显着相关性，表明相似的生物累积过程。根据产前暴露和毒性，F-53B 是海洋生态系统中的一种新兴污染物。 2002/2003 年至 2010 年期间，磺酸盐、羧酸盐和 F-53B 的浓度呈显着增加趋势，而 FOSA 浓度则显着下降。 2010-2015年期间，FOSA和磺酸盐的浓度呈下降趋势，而羧酸盐和F-53B的浓度则有所增加，但没有统计学意义，这可能是由于磺酸盐和羧酸盐之间监管行动的实施存在差距。尽管发现全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛酸对海豚的健康风险很小，但应考虑其他污染物的综合毒理学影响，以保护种群并减轻海洋生态系统中的全氟辛烷磺酸污染。