The importance of plant and soil microbial diversity in sustaining ecological functions has attracted considerable attention. However, little is known about how these factors jointly affect the ability of an ecosystem to provide multiple ecological functions simultaneously (i.e., ecosystem multifunctionality [EMF]) in natural environments, especially in wetlands. Here, we collected rhizosphere soils, bulk soils, and sediments (microhabitats) from riverine, lacustrine, and palustrine wetland sites (macrohabitats) across the remote Tibetan Plateau. Plant diversity (taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional) and soil bacterial diversity (taxonomic and phylogenetic) were determined. We also calculated EMF using 20 variables related to soil carbon cycling, nitrogen cycling, and plant productivity. The results showed that EMF was significantly higher in rhizosphere soils than in bulk soils, but no significant differences were detected among the macrohabitat types. A significant relationship between EMF and bacterial diversity was detected only in rhizosphere soils, and a positive relationship between EMF and plant diversity was found in riverine and lacustrine wetlands. Environmental factors (climate and edaphic properties), bacterial diversity, and plant diversity together explained 63.48% of the EMF variation. Path modeling revealed that the effects of macrohabitat and microhabitat on EMF were mediated mainly through edaphic properties and bacterial diversity, respectively. These results significantly advance our understanding of the patterns and drivers of EMF in wetlands and are also critical for predicting changes in wetland functions in response to biodiversity loss and anthropogenic activities.

中文翻译：

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大生境和微生境调节湿地多方面生物多样性和多功能性之间的关系

植物和土壤微生物多样性在维持生态功能中的重要性引起了人们的广泛关注。然而，人们对这些因素如何共同影响生态系统在自然环境中，特别是湿地中同时提供多种生态功能（即生态系统多功能性[EMF]）的能力知之甚少。在这里，我们从偏远青藏高原的河流、湖泊和沼泽湿地（宏观生境）收集了根际土壤、大块土壤和沉积物（微生境）。确定了植物多样性（分类学、系统发育和功能）和土壤细菌多样性（分类和系统发育）。我们还使用与土壤碳循环、氮循环和植物生产力相关的 20 个变量计算了 EMF。结果表明，根际土壤中的电磁场显着高于大块土壤，但在大生境类型之间没有检测到显着差异。仅在根际土壤中检测到电磁场与细菌多样性之间存在显着关系，并且在河流和湖泊湿地中发现电磁场与植物多样性之间存在正相关关系。环境因素（气候和土壤特性）、细菌多样性和植物多样性共同解释了 63.48% 的 EMF 变化。路径模型表明，大生境和微生境对电磁场的影响主要分别通过土壤特性和细菌多样性来介导。这些结果极大地增进了我们对湿地电磁场模式和驱动因素的理解，对于预测湿地功能因生物多样性丧失和人类活动而发生的变化也至关重要。