Surfaces, both water/air and solid/water, play an important role in mediating a multitude of processes central to atmospheric chemistry, particularly in the aerosol phase. However, the study of both static and dynamic properties of surfaces is highly challenging from an experimental standpoint, leading to a lack of molecular level information about the processes that take place at these systems and how they differ from bulk. One of the few techniques that has been able to capture ultrafast surface phenomena is time-resolved sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy. Since it is both surface-specific and chemically sensitive, the extension of this spectroscopic technique to the time domain makes it possible to study dynamic processes on the femtosecond time scale. In this Perspective, we will explore recent advances made in the field both in terms of studying energy dissipation as well as chemical reactions and the role the surface geometry plays in these processes.

中文翻译：

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和频发生光谱在理解大气模型系统中的表面反应和动力学中的作用

表面，无论是水/空气还是固体/水，在调节大气化学的多种核心过程中发挥着重要作用，特别是在气溶胶相中。然而，从实验的角度来看，表面静态和动态特性的研究极具挑战性，导致缺乏有关这些系统中发生的过程以及它们与本体有何不同的分子水平信息。时间分辨和频发生（SFG）光谱是少数能够捕获超快表面现象的技术之一。由于它既具有表面特异性又具有化学敏感性，因此将这种光谱技术扩展到时域使得研究飞秒时间尺度的动态过程成为可能。在本视角中，我们将探讨该领域在研究能量耗散、化学反应以及表面几何形状在这些过程中所起的作用方面取得的最新进展。