As stated in number 6 and 13, clean water and sanitation and energy-related carbon emissions as climate action issues have emerged as serious issues within the United Nations. Around 150 countries rely on seawater desalination plants as their water resource. Reverse osmosis membrane technology is the most widely used seawater desalination technology for water supply. Taking water resources, developing renewable energy, and recycling resources have become the United Nations' core sustainable development goal. Therefore, this paper aims to provide an overview of renewable energy in reverse osmosis, especially newly developed renewable energy such as wave power. This paper includes technical issues, environment, and economic impact. In addition, compared with other energy sources, photovoltaic and hydropower energy utilization leads to a lower carbon footprint. Both energy produce a carbon footprint of around 0.08 kg CO eq/m. Control systems and energy storage management are the challenges in developing integrated renewable energy with reverse osmosis. Suitable pretreatment and the effect of direct use of renewable energy on the reverse osmosis process, especially on membrane and pump lifetime, should also be considered in future studies.

中文翻译：

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反渗透与可再生能源相结合作为可持续技术：综述

正如第 6 条和第 13 条所述，清洁水和卫生设施以及与能源相关的碳排放作为气候行动问题已成为联合国内部的严重问题。大约 150 个国家依赖海水淡化厂作为水资源。反渗透膜技术是供水领域应用最广泛的海水淡化技术。夺取水资源、发展可再生能源、循环利用资源已成为联合国可持续发展的核心目标。因此，本文旨在概述反渗透可再生能源，特别是新开发的可再生能源，例如波浪能。本文包括技术问题、环境和经济影响。此外，与其他能源相比，光伏和水电能源利用导致碳足迹更低。这两种能源产生的碳足迹约为 0.08 kg CO eq/m。控制系统和能量存储管理是开发反渗透集成可再生能源的挑战。在未来的研究中还应考虑适当的预处理以及直接使用可再生能源对反渗透过程的影响，特别是对膜和泵寿命的影响。