This investigation examined the drying of ginger using three different methods: open sun drying (OSD), passive mode (SGHD), and a newly developed integrated solar greenhouse dryer (ISGHD) in Northeastern India. The experiments were conducted under varying environmental conditions, with solar radiation ranging from 400 to 1100 W/m, ambient temperature from 19 to 33 °C, relative humidity from 50 to 90%, and air velocity from 0.8 to 7 m/s. The drying times for ISGHD, SGHD, and OSD were 33 h, 52 h, and 60 h, respectively, to reduce the moisture content from 84% to 10%. The Page model was found to be the best fit for the drying kinetics, while the 5-10-3 ANN design was effective for the drying studies of ginger slices. The thermal efficiency of SAH and ISGHD ranged from 38 to 56% and 24–45%, respectively, while the exergy efficiency of ISGHD varied from 19 to 68%. The ISGHD method produced higher quality dried ginger compared to SGHD and OSD methods, with better rehydration ratio, colour value, texture, and essential oil retention. Additionally, the SEM images of ISGHD samples showed a clear and well-retained fibrous structure. The dryer's effectiveness and the quality of the dried ginger were enhanced using solar air heaters (SAH) and photovoltaic (PV) modules.

中文翻译：

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生姜集成日光温室干燥机的建模和热分析以及产品质量

本次调查研究了使用三种不同方法进行生姜干燥：露天晒干（OSD）、被动模式（SGHD）以及印度东北部新开发的集成日光温室干燥机（ISGHD）。实验在不同的环境条件下进行，太阳辐射范围为400至1100 W/m，环境温度为19至33°C，相对湿度为50至90%，空气流速为0.8至7 m/s。 ISGHD、SGHD 和 OSD 的干燥时间分别为 33 小时、52 小时和 60 小时，将水分含量从 84% 降低到 10%。 Page 模型被发现最适合干燥动力学，而 5-10-3 ANN 设计对于生姜片的干燥研究非常有效。 SAH和ISGHD的热效率分别为38%至56%和24%至45%，而ISGHD的火用效率为19%至68%。与SGHD和OSD方法相比，ISGHD方法生产的干姜质量更高，具有更好的复水率、色值、质地和精油保留率。此外，ISGHD 样品的 SEM 图像显示出清晰且保留良好的纤维结构。使用太阳能空气加热器 (SAH) 和光伏 (PV) 模块提高了干燥机的效率和干姜的质量。