Light pollution involves introducing a large amount of electromagnetic radiation in the visible range (from 380 nm to 760 nm) into the Earth's atmosphere. Its source is all electric lighting installations and applications, such as internal and external lighting or automotive lighting. This phenomenon causes significant adverse effects for the entire environment, e.g., skyglow, limiting the visibility of astronomical objects, disturbances in the circadian rhythms of fauna and flora, or electric energy losses. Light pollution has been studied for at least 40 years. Various ways of measuring it using appropriate sensors and measuring equipment have been developed during this time. This paper presents basic information on light pollution and its measurements. It describes the technical characteristics of the commonly used simple photometer Sky Quality Meter and the problem of using LED lighting. It also describes the results of a measurement experiment in the metropolis of Warsaw, Poland, which made it possible to assess changes in light pollution inexpensively. Measurements and a simplified analysis made it possible to determine that light pollution in the capital of Poland increased by approx. 20% compared to 2015. Using only one low-priced sensor and the presented measurement method can also be successfully employed in other cities.

中文翻译：

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使用单个天空质量计简化大城市的光污染变化分析

光污染是将大量可见光范围（380 nm 至 760 nm）的电磁辐射引入地球大气层。其来源是所有电气照明装置和应用，例如内部和外部照明或汽车照明。这种现象对整个环境造成严重的不利影响，例如天空辉光，限制天文物体的可见度，扰乱动植物的昼夜节律，或电能损失。人们对光污染的研究至少已有 40 年的历史。在此期间，已经开发出使用适当的传感器和测量设备来测量它的各种方法。本文介绍了光污染及其测量的基本信息。介绍了常用的简易光度计天空质量计的技术特点以及使用LED照明的问题。它还描述了在波兰华沙大都市进行的测量实验的结果，该实验使得以低廉的成本评估光污染的变化成为可能。通过测量和简化分析，可以确定波兰首都的光污染增加了约 10%。与 2015 年相比减少了 20%。仅使用一种低价传感器，所提出的测量方法也可以在其他城市成功应用。