Many reports of detrimental organic dyes in industrial sewages incited the researchers to accomplish some quick, cost-effective, and precise ways for dye eradication. Continuing this research chain, the latest study aimed to exclusively eliminate methylene blue dye (MB) from industrial wastewater using black C. arietinum husk powder as a cost-effective adsorbent through adsorption techniques. Morphological characterization was examined by FTIR and SEM/EDX. The influence of parameters that demonstrated maximum percentage removal such as adsorbent dose (91.325% at 0.4 g), contact time (90.466% at 60 min), pH impact (93.90% at 5), temperature (60.896% at 20 °C), and agitation speed (87.03% at 125 rpm) were studied. Adsorption isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin) favored Langmuir and represented the finest isotherm data association with maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 2.678 mg/g. Kinetic studies confirmed the pseudo-second-order model and vindicated the data. The thermodynamic study extended the facts about the exothermic, impulsive, and feasible adsorption nature (ΔH° = − 20.329 kJ/mol, ΔS° = 0.04305 kJ/mol, and ΔG° = − 33.37 kJ/mol at 303 K, − 33.80 kJ/mol at 313 K, − 34.23 kJ/mol at 323 K). Mechanistically, different types of interactions occurred between the adsorbate and adsorbent. MB dye desorption and adsorbent restoration affirm its efficiency. These results indicated that Cicer arietinum husk powder could be used for MB dye eradication from industrial water.

Graphical Abstract

中文翻译：

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经物理化学处理的金龟子壳吸附去除亚甲基蓝染料的过程模型，通过绿色化学有效处理废水

许多关于工业污水中有害有机染料的报道促使研究人员完成一些快速、经济且精确的染料消除方法。继续这一研究链，最新的研究旨在通过吸附技术，使用黑色C. arietinum壳粉末作为具有成本效益的吸附剂，专门消除工业废水中的亚甲基蓝染料 (MB)。通过 FTIR 和 SEM/EDX 检查形态特征。显示最大去除百分比的参数的影响，例如吸附剂剂量（0.4 g 时为 91.325%）、接触时间（60 分钟时为 90.466%）、pH 影响（5 时为 93.90%）、温度（20 °C 时为 60.896%）、和搅拌速度（125 rpm 时为 87.03%）进行了研究。吸附等温线模型（Langmuir、Freundlich 和 Temkin）有利于 Langmuir，并代表了与最大单层吸附容量 2.678 mg/g 的最佳等温线数据关联。动力学研究证实了伪二阶模型并证实了数据的正确性。热力学研究扩展了有关放热、脉冲和可行吸附性质的事实（303 K 时，Δ H ° = − 20.329 kJ/mol，Δ S ° = 0.04305 kJ/mol，Δ G ° = − 33.37 kJ/mol， - 313 K 时为 33.80 kJ/mol， - 323 K 时为 34.23 kJ/mol）。从机理上讲，吸附质和吸附剂之间发生不同类型的相互作用。 MB 染料解吸和吸附剂修复证实了其效率。这些结果表明，Cicer arietinum壳粉可用于消除工业水中的 MB 染料。

图形概要