ObjectiveTo investigate differences in the clinical characteristics of patients with persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) according to age.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 143 patients diagnosed with PPPD. Patients were classified into three groups by age: young group (19 to 44 years, n = 60), middle-age group (45 to 64 years, n = 56), old group (65 to 85 years, n = 27). Demographic data, scores of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), the Niigata PPPD Questionnaire (NPQ), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), precipitating conditions, and the results of vestibular function tests including caloric testing, video head impulse test (vHIT), cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs and oVEMPs), and posturography, were compared among the three groups.ResultsWhile there were no significant differences in the scores of the DHI or NPQ, the total score and anxiety score in HADS in the young group were significantly higher than in the old group (p < 0.05, each). On the other hand, for precipitating conditions, the rate of peripheral vestibular diseases was significantly greater in the old group (77.8%) compared to the young group (41.7%, p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the results of caloric testing, vHIT, cVEMPs, or oVEMPs among the three groups. For posturography, the velocity of the center of pressure with eyes-open as well as with eyes-closed was significantly greater in the old group compared to the young group and the middle-age group (p < 0.005, respectively).ConclusionThe clinical characteristics of PPPD were different according to age. Young patients tended to have stronger anxiety than old patients whereas the old patients had a higher proportion of peripheral vestibular diseases among the precipitating conditions compared to young patients.

中文翻译：

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持续性姿势知觉性头晕特征与年龄相关的差异

目的探讨不同年龄的持续性姿势知觉性头晕（PPPD）患者的临床特征差异。方法回顾性分析143例确诊为PPPD的患者。患者按年龄分为三组：年轻组（19至44岁，n= 60），中年组（45至64岁，n= 56），老年组（65至85岁，n= 27）。人口统计数据、头晕障碍量表 (DHI) 分数、新泻 PPPD 问卷 (NPQ)、医院焦虑和抑郁量表 (HADS)、诱发病症以及前庭功能测试结果，包括热量测试、视频头脉冲测试 (比较三组之间的vHIT）、颈部和眼前庭诱发肌源性电位（cVEMPs和oVEMPs）以及姿势描记法。结果虽然DHI或NPQ评分没有显着差异，但HADS总分和焦虑评分年轻组显着高于老年组（p< 0.05，每个）。另一方面，就诱发条件而言，老年组的周围性前庭疾病发生率（77.8%）显着高于年轻组（41.7%，p< 0.01）。三组之间的热量测试、vHIT、cVEMP 或 oVEMP 结果没有显着差异。对于姿势描记术，与年轻组和中年组相比，老年组在睁眼和闭眼时压力中心的速度显着更大（p< 0.005）。结论PPPD的临床特征因年龄不同而不同。年轻患者往往比老年患者有更强的焦虑，而与年轻患者相比，老年患者在诱发疾病中周围性前庭疾病的比例更高。