Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is the most geographically widespread tickborne viral infection worldwide and has a fatality rate of up to 62%. Despite its widespread range and high fatality rate, no vaccines or treatments are currently approved by regulatory agencies in the United States or Europe. Supportive treatment remains the standard of care, but the use of antiviral medications developed for other viral infections have been considered. We reviewed published literature to summarize the main aspects of CCHFV infection in humans. We provide an overview of diagnostic testing and management and medical countermeasures, including investigational vaccines and limited therapeutics. CCHFV continues to pose a public health threat because of its wide geographic distribution, potential to spread to new regions, propensity for genetic variability, potential for severe and fatal illness, and limited medical countermeasures for prophylaxis and treatment. Clinicians should become familiar with available diagnostic and management tools for CCHFV infections in humans.

克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒 (CCHFV) 是全球范围内分布最广的蜱传病毒感染，死亡率高达 62%。尽管其范围广泛且死亡率高，但目前美国或欧洲的监管机构尚未批准任何疫苗或治疗方法。支持治疗仍然是护理标准，但已考虑使用针对其他病毒感染开发的抗病毒药物。我们回顾了已发表的文献，总结了人类 CCHFV 感染的主要方面。我们概述了诊断测试和管理以及医疗对策，包括研究性疫苗和有限的治疗方法。 CCHFV 因其广泛的地理分布、传播到新地区的潜力、遗传变异的倾向、严重和致命疾病的可能性以及预防和治疗的医疗对策有限而继续对公共卫生构成威胁。临床医生应熟悉人类 CCHFV 感染的可用诊断和管理工具。