Introducing openings or holes into wooden structures is a common practice for providing utility services. However, this practice leads to stress concentration, resulting in a reduction in stiffness and load-carrying capacity. Therefore, understanding the effects of holes on beam properties is important for design considerations. This study investigates the mechanical behavior of a wooden beam made from juvenile Pinus elliottii containing open cylindrical holes with three different diameters: 4, 8, and 12 mm. The mechanical properties were evaluated for compression parallel to the fibers, quasi-static bending, and tension perpendicular to the fibers. Numerical simulations were conducted using a finite element (FE) model, considering the orthotropic elastic properties determined from experimental tests and elastic ratios reported in the literature. The experimental results indicated that the influence of hole diameter was not significant on the compressive properties; however, longitudinal crack failures began to form for holes with diameters of 8–12 mm. Regardless of hole size, the compressive and bending characteristics revealed that hole location did not affect the stiffness, strength, or damage mechanisms.

中文翻译：

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孔径对木材机械性能的影响：实验和数值方法

在木结构中引入开口或孔是提供公用事业服务的常见做法。然而，这种做法会导致应力集中，导致刚度和承载能力降低。因此，了解孔对梁性能的影响对于设计考虑非常重要。本研究调查了由幼年湿地松制成的木梁的机械性能，该木梁包含三种不同直径（4、8 和 12 毫米）的开放圆柱形孔。评估平行于纤维的压缩、准静态弯曲和垂直于纤维的拉伸的机械性能。使用有限元 (FE) 模型进行数值模拟，考虑到实验测试确定的正交各向异性弹性特性和文献中报告的弹性比。实验结果表明，孔径对压缩性能影响不显着；然而，直径为 8-12 毫米的孔开始出现纵向裂纹失效。无论孔尺寸如何，压缩和弯曲特性表明孔位置不会影响刚度、强度或损坏机制。