The treatment landscape of genitourinary cancers has significantly evolved over the past few years. Renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, and prostate cancer are the most common genitourinary malignancies. Recent advancements have produced new targeted therapies, particularly antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), due to a better understanding of the underlying oncogenic factors and molecular mechanisms involved. ADCs function as a ‘drug delivery into the tumor’ system. They are composed of an antigen-directed antibody linked to a cytotoxic drug that releases cytotoxic components after binding to the tumor cell’s surface antigen. ADCs have been proven to be extremely promising in the treatment of several cancer types. For GU cancers, this novel treatment has only benefited patients with metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC). The rest of the GU cancer paradigm does not have any FDA-approved ADC treatment options available yet. In this study, we have thoroughly completed a narrative review of the current literature and summarized preclinical studies and clinical trials that evaluated the utility, activity, and toxicity of ADCs in GU cancers, the prospects of ADC development, and the ongoing clinical trials. Prospective clinical trials, retrospective studies, case reports, and scoping reviews were included.

中文翻译：

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抗体药物偶联物治疗泌尿生殖系统癌症：最新数据回顾

在过去的几年里，泌尿生殖系统癌症的治疗格局发生了显着的变化。肾细胞癌、膀胱癌和前列腺癌是最常见的泌尿生殖系统恶性肿瘤。由于对潜在的致癌因素和分子机制有了更好的了解，最近的进展产生了新的靶向疗法，特别是抗体药物偶联物（ADC）。 ADC 的作用是“将药物输送到肿瘤”系统。它们由与细胞毒性药物连接的抗原导向抗体组成，细胞毒性药物在与肿瘤细胞的表面抗原结合后释放细胞毒性成分。 ADC 已被证明在治疗多种癌症类型方面极具前景。对于 GU 癌症，这种新疗法仅使转移性尿路上皮癌 (mUC) 患者受益。其余 GU 癌症范例尚无任何 FDA 批准的 ADC 治疗方案。在这项研究中，我们彻底完成了对当前文献的叙述性回顾，总结了评估 ADC 在 GU 癌症中的效用、活性和毒性的临床前研究和临床试验、ADC 开发的前景以及正在进行的临床试验。包括前瞻性临床试验、回顾性研究、病例报告和范围审查。