Heavy metal contamination poses a significant threat to freshwater ecosystems. This systematic review aimed to assess the current status and knowledge regarding heavy metal toxicity in freshwater fish species and remedial approaches for reducing its adverse effects. Multiple scientific databases were screened to find peer-reviewed articles published between the years 2000 and 2023 that contained the topic of this study. Heavy metals, freshwater fish species, toxicity, and remedial measures were among the keywords and controlled vocabulary included in the search strategy. As a result of this review 180 eligible studies were found suitable based on inclusion criteria in the systematic review. Maximum freshwater sources have been contaminated with heavy metals like “lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, fluoride” which harm freshwater fish species. Due to fish bio-cumulative power, some fish species accumulate higher heavy metal concentrations in their body tissues. Species in higher trophic levels accumulate the most heavy metals, posing a serious health risk to humans. The remedial approaches must be considered to mitigate the negative effects of these heavy metals. Various aquatic macrophytes plants are used for remediation purposes to remove heavy metals from aquatic sources as a green technology for remediation purposes to mitigate metal pollution. In this systematic review, heavy metal toxicity in freshwater fish species is discussed along with remediation approaches to reduce its impact on freshwater fish species. For the prevention of adverse effects on human health and aquatic ecosystems caused by heavy metal contamination, this contamination must be studied and monitored.

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淡水鱼类重金属毒性评估的系统综述：现状和补救方法

重金属污染对淡水生态系统构成重大威胁。本系统综述旨在评估淡水鱼类重金属毒性的现状和知识以及减少其不利影响的补救方法。我们筛选了多个科学数据库，以查找 2000 年至 2023 年期间发表的包含本研究主题的同行评审文章。重金属、淡水鱼种类、毒性和补救措施是搜索策略中包含的关键词和受控词汇。本次审查的结果是，根据系统审查中的纳入标准，发现 180 项符合条件的研究是合适的。大多数淡水源已被“铅、汞、砷、镉、氟化物”等重金属污染，这些重金属对淡水鱼类造成危害。由于鱼类的生物累积能力，一些鱼类在其身体组织中积累了较高的重金属浓度。营养级较高的物种积累的重金属最多，对人类构成严重的健康风险。必须考虑采取补救措施来减轻这些重金属的负面影响。各种水生大型植物用于修复目的，以去除水生源中的重金属，作为一种用于修复目的的绿色技术，以减轻金属污染。在这篇系统综述中，讨论了淡水鱼类中的重金属毒性以及减少其对淡水鱼类影响的修复方法。为了防止重金属污染对人类健康和水生生态系统造成不利影响，必须对这种污染进行研究和监测。