Continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMs) are critical toward closed-loop diabetes management. The field’s progress urges next-generation CGMs with enhanced antinoise ability, reliability, and wearability. Here, we propose a coin-sized, fully integrated, and wearable CGM, achieved by holistically synergizing state-of-the-art interdisciplinary technologies of biosensors, minimally invasive tools, and hydrogels. The proposed CGM consists of three major parts: (i) an emerging biochemical signal amplifier, the organic electrochemical transistor (OECT), improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) beyond traditional electrochemical sensors; (ii) a microneedle array to facilitate subcutaneous glucose sampling with minimized pain; and (iii) a soft hydrogel to stabilize the skin-device interface. Compared to conventional CGMs, the OECT-CGM offers a high antinoise ability, tunable sensitivity and resolution, and comfort wearability, enabling personalized glucose sensing for future precision diabetes health care. Last, we discuss how OECT technology can help push the limit of detection of current wearable electrochemical biosensors, especially when operating in complicated conditions.

中文翻译：

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基于有机电化学晶体管的硬币大小、全集成、微创连续血糖监测系统

连续血糖监测系统 (CGM) 对于闭环糖尿病管理至关重要。该领域的进步促使下一代 CGM 具有增强的抗噪声能力、可靠性和耐磨性。在这里，我们提出了一种硬币大小的、完全集成的、可穿戴的 CGM，通过全面协同最先进的生物传感器、微创工具和水凝胶的跨学科技术来实现。所提出的CGM由三个主要部分组成：（i）一种新兴的生化信号放大器，即有机电化学晶体管（OECT），它提高了传统电化学传感器的信噪比（SNR）； (ii) 微针阵列，以方便皮下葡萄糖采样，同时最大限度地减少疼痛； (iii) 软水凝胶，用于稳定皮肤-设备界面。与传统的 CGM 相比，OECT-CGM 具有高抗噪声能力、可调的灵敏度和分辨率以及舒适的佩戴性，为未来的精准糖尿病医疗保健提供个性化的葡萄糖传感。最后，我们讨论 OECT 技术如何帮助突破当前可穿戴电化学生物传感器的检测极限，特别是在复杂条件下操作时。