Many emerging and reemerging pathogens originate from wildlife, but nearly all wild species are unreachable using conventional vaccination, which requires capture of and vaccine administration to individual animals. By enabling immunization at scales sufficient to interrupt pathogen transmission, transmissible vaccines (TVs) that spread themselves through wildlife populations by infectious processes could potentially transform the management of otherwise intractable challenges to public health, wildlife conservation, and animal welfare. However, generating TVs likely requires modifying viruses that would be intended to spread in nature, which raises concerns ranging from technical feasibility, to safety and security risks, to regulatory uncertainties (1, 2). We propose a series of commitments and strategies for vaccine development—beginning with a priori decisions on vaccine design and continuing through to stakeholder codevelopment [see supplementary materials (SM)]—that we believe increase the likelihood that the potential risks of vaccine transmission are outweighed by benefits to conservation, animal welfare, and zoonosis prevention.

中文翻译：

---

开发针对动物感染的传染性疫苗

许多新出现和重新出现的病原体都源自野生动物，但几乎所有野生物种都无法使用传统疫苗接种，这需要捕获个体动物并对其进行疫苗接种。通过实现足以阻断病原体传播的免疫接种，通过感染过程在野生动物种群中传播的传染性疫苗（TV）可能会改变对公共卫生、野生动物保护和动物福利等棘手挑战的管理。然而，生成电视可能需要修改旨在在自然界传播的病毒，这引发了从技术可行性到安全风险，再到监管不确定性的担忧 ( 1 , 2 )。我们提出了一系列疫苗开发的承诺和策略——从疫苗设计的先验决定开始，一直到利益相关者共同开发[参见补充材料（SM）]——我们相信这些承诺和策略增加了疫苗传播的潜在风险被抵消的可能性对保护、动物福利和人畜共患病预防的益处。