This article analyzes the intensification of Haitians’ “transit migration” from South America to the United States during 2021 in the framework of disputes between the migration movements and control policies that reconfigured the South American border regime during the COVID-19 pandemic. I argue that racialized control policies are a constitutive dimension of the border negotiations that Haitian migrant engage with diverses actors in contexts of illegalization exacerbated by COVID-19 and reinforced by the expansion of North-South “transit migration” as a matrix of political intervention. Through a qualitative methodological approach based on document analysis and online interviews with Haitian migrants, this article synchronously and asynchronously reconstructs the collective travel strategies of four groups of Haitians that left the Southern Cone heading toward the United States and the political scenarios being restructured around the activation, facilitation, diversion, or obstruction of their mobility. The analysis reveals the racialized character of the control policies inscribed in institutional frameworks of “transit migration” based on the new velocity and magnitude of South-North migration and their institutional construction in terms of a “migration crisis” on the Colombia-Panama border between July and September 2021. Similarly, it proposes that the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to strengthening the Southern Cone-Andean Region interface as a by-product of the amplification and diversification of South-North routes and a constitutive dimension of the infrastructures of violence and resistance that spatially and temporally connect the migratory and border dynamics of South, Central, and North America.

中文翻译：

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南美边境制度的种族化控制政策：COVID-19 时期“过境移民”的加剧

本文在 COVID-19 大流行期间移民运动与重新配置南美边境制度的控制政策之间的争端的框架下，分析了 2021 年海地人从南美“过境移民”加剧的情况。我认为，种族化控制政策是边界谈判的一个组成部分，海地移民在非法化的背景下与不同的行为者进行接触，这种非法化因 COVID-19 而加剧，并因南北“过境移民”作为政治干预矩阵的扩大而得到强化。本文通过基于文献分析和海地移民在线访谈的定性方法论，同步和异步地重构了四组海地人离开南锥体前往美国的集体旅行策略以及围绕激活而重构的政治情景。 、便利、转移或阻碍其行动。分析揭示了基于南北移民新速度和规模的“过境移民”制度框架中的控制政策的种族化特征，以及针对哥伦比亚与巴拿马边境的“移民危机”的制度建设。 2021 年 7 月和 9 月。同样，它提出，作为南北路线扩大和多样化以及暴力基础设施构成维度的副产品，COVID-19 大流行有助于加强南锥体-安第斯地区的界面以及在空间和时间上连接南美洲、中美洲和北美洲的移民和边境动态的抵抗。