This article emphasizes the intermittent nature of RESs and finds how virtual inertia (VI) works to enhance the operation of the automatic generation control (AGC) mechanism of the interconnected hybrid power system (HPS). The challenge of controlling frequency deviation becomes more difficult as the complexity of a HPS increases. The robustness of the controller significantly influences the stability of an HPS. Because of HPS hybridization, PID, FOPID, and TID, the basic AGC controllers, are insufficient to provide a plant with maximum performance. So, a robust controller is needed for this. To get the best performance in terms of overshoot, undershoot, and settling time, a modified TID–MPC controller has been suggested and evaluated by comparison with a few existing controllers. The suggested controller can manage the frequency deviation effectively; it can stabilize it in 7 s for area 1, 9 s for area-2, and an average of 8 s for both areas. However, the average time for MPC is 12.5 s, and 19.5 s for TID. A newly modified OSHO approach has been proposed to optimize the different controller settings. The OSHO has been compared with a few well-known, existing metaheuristic optimizations to show its superiority. Due to higher penetration of RESs reduced the system inertia, further deteriorating the frequency response in HPS. To overcome these challenges, VI is implemented with RESs. The suggested controller’s flexibility and reliability have been evaluated under different scenarios, such as step, multiple load disturbances, and modified IEEE-39 bus. The comprehensive research results provide strong evidence for the effectiveness and efficiency of the suggested control techniques and demonstrate the possibility of their use in actual power systems to enhance the stability and performance of modern HPS.

本文强调了 RES 的间歇性，并探讨了虚拟惯性 (VI) 如何增强互联混合动力系统 (HPS) 自动发电控制 (AGC) 机制的运行。随着 HPS 复杂性的增加，控制频率偏差的挑战变得更加困难。控制器的鲁棒性显着影响 HPS 的稳定性。由于 HPS 混合、PID、FOPID 和 TID（基本 AGC 控制器）不足以为工厂提供最大性能。因此，为此需要一个强大的控制器。为了在过冲、下冲和稳定时间方面获得最佳性能，建议采用改进的 TID-MPC 控制器，并通过与一些现有控制器进行比较进行评估。建议的控制器可以有效地管理频率偏差； 1区7秒稳定，2区9秒稳定，两个区域平均8秒稳定。然而，MPC 的平均时间为 12.5 秒，TID 的平均时间为 19.5 秒。提出了一种新修改的 OSHO 方法来优化不同的控制器设置。 OSHO 与一些众所周知的现有元启发式优化进行了比较，以显示其优越性。由于 RES 的渗透率较高，降低了系统惯性，进一步恶化了 HPS 的频率响应。为了克服这些挑战，VI 通过 RES 来实施。建议的控制器的灵活性和可靠性已经在不同的场景下进行了评估，例如阶跃、多重负载干扰和修改的 IEEE-39 总线。综合研究结果为所建议的控制技术的有效性和效率提供了强有力的证据，并证明了它们在实际电力系统中使用以提高现代高压电源的稳定性和性能的可能性。