Aspiration pneumoniae remains a major health concern, particularly in the older population and has poor prognosis; however, the concept itself remains vague worldwide. This study aimed to determine the actual situation and characteristics of aspiration pneumonia from 2005 to 2019 in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. Cases of aspiration pneumonia that occurred in the Nagasaki Prefecture between 2005 and 2019 were analyzed using emergency transportation records. The number of occurrences and incidence were analyzed according to age, sex, month, day of the week, and recognition time to clarify the actual situation of aspiration pneumonia. The total number of new aspiration pneumonia cases was 8,321, and the mean age of the patients was 83.0 years. Annual incidence per 100,000 population increased from 12.4 in 2005 to 65.1 in 2019, with the most prominent increase in the ≥ 80-year-old stratum. Males (55.1%) were more commonly affected than females (44.9%), and 82.2% of the cases involved patients aged ≥ 70 years. No significant correlations were observed between the incidence of aspiration pneumonia and season, month, or day of the week. Aspiration pneumonia occurred frequently in houses (39.8%) and facilities for elderly individuals (40.8%). At 7 days after admission, 80.9% of patients were still hospitalized and 6.5% had died. The incidence of aspiration pneumonia with risks of severity and mortality is increasing among elderly individuals. Valid preventive measures are urgently needed based on the findings that the disease occurs in both household and elderly care facility settings, regardless of the season. - The annual incidence of aspiration pneumonia per 100,000 population increased from 12.4 in 2005 to 65.1 cases in 2019 in the Nagasaki Prefecture. - Approximately 82% of the patients were aged ≥ 70 years, and the incidence was frequent in houses (39.8%) and facilities for elderly individuals (40.8%). - After one week, a majority of patients (80.9%) required inpatient treatment, and 6.5% of patients died.

中文翻译：

---

2005-2019年长崎县吸入性肺炎发病情况及特征

吸入性肺炎仍然是一个主要的健康问题，特别是在老年人群中，并且预后较差；然而，这个概念本身在世界范围内仍然模糊。本研究旨在确定日本长崎县2005年至2019年吸入性肺炎的实际情况和特征。利用紧急运输记录对 2005 年至 2019 年间长崎县发生的吸入性肺炎病例进行了分析。根据年龄、性别、月份、星期几、识别时间对发生次数和发病率进行分析，明确吸入性肺炎的实际情况。吸入性肺炎新增病例总数为8,321例，患者平均年龄为83.0岁。每10万人年发病率从2005年的12.4例增加到2019年的65.1例，其中≥80岁群体的增长最为显着。男性（55.1%）比女性（44.9%）更常见，其中82.2%的病例涉及年龄≥70岁的患者。吸入性肺炎的发病率与季节、月份或星期几之间没有观察到显着相关性。吸入性肺炎多发生在住宅（39.8%）和老年人设施（40.8%）。入院7天后，80.9%的患者仍在住院，6.5%的患者死亡。在老年人中，具有严重风险和死亡风险的吸入性肺炎的发病率正在增加。研究发现，无论季节如何，这种疾病都会在家庭和老年护理机构中发生，因此迫切需要采取有效的预防措施。 - 长崎县每10万人中吸入性肺炎的年发病率从2005年的12.4例增加到2019年的65.1例。 - 约82%的患者年龄≥70岁，且多发生在住宅（39.8%）和老年人设施（40.8%）中。 - 一周后，大多数患者（80.9%）需要住院治疗，6.5%的患者死亡。