Increasing dye utilization, shortening the process and reducing the discharge of colored wastewater are the keys to clean dyeing and finishing of fabrics. In this study, we report a clean dyeing process. The process improved the dye utilization and achieved wrinkle-finishing and dyeing in the same bath by enhancing cross-linking of dyes with fiber macromolecular chains. It was observed by SEM that the cross-section of the dyed fibers showed round or oval shape, and the mid-cavities were reduced or even disappeared. The swelling rate of the fibers and cellulase degradation experiments showed that the dyes formed stable cross-linking structures with the macromolecular chains. Furthermore, differences in the structure of reactive dyes affected the optimal reaction conditions between the dyes and the fibers. Compared to conventional processes, the , color fixation rate, and wrinkle recovery angle of dyed fabrics with different dyes were significantly improved. This illustrated the superiority of this process and the applicability of different structural dyes. Compared to traditional processes, the process saved 29.6 % of dyes and 16.7 % of alkalis. Importantly, the process could save 200 % of water, 9.5 kW h of energy consumption and 61.6 m of saturated steam. Ultimately, this process could save 7.22 $ of the cost of dyeing 1 kg of fabric. The concentration of dyes in the dyeing wastewater was significantly reduced. In summary, the clean process has good economic and environmental benefits.

中文翻译：

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活性染料与纤维大分子链交联对棉织物的清洁染色

提高染料利用率、缩短工艺流程、减少有色废水排放是织物清洁染整的关键。在这项研究中，我们报告了一种清洁染色工艺。该工艺通过增强染料与纤维大分子链的交联，提高了染料利用率，实现了除皱整理和同浴染色。扫描电镜观察发现，染色纤维的横截面呈圆形或椭圆形，中间空洞减少甚至消失。纤维的溶胀率和纤维素酶降解实验表明染料与大分子链形成稳定的交联结构。此外，活性染料结构的差异影响了染料与纤维之间的最佳反应条件。与常规工艺相比，不同染料染色织物的固色率、折皱回复角均有显着提高。这说明了该工艺的优越性以及不同结构染料的适用性。与传统工艺相比，该工艺节省染料29.6%、碱16.7%。重要的是，该工艺可节省 200% 的水、9.5 kW·h 的能耗和 61.6 m 的饱和蒸汽。最终，这一工艺可以节省 1 公斤织物染色成本 7.22 美元。印染废水中染料浓度显着降低。综上所述，清洁工艺具有良好的经济效益和环境效益。