mucosal biofilms are associated with recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, colonisation of sinus mucosa is frequent in the absence of mucosal inflammation. This questions the relevance of biofilms in CRS etiopathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate whether strain-level variation in -grown biofilm properties relates to CRS disease severity, toxicity, and immune B cell responses in sinonasal tissue from CRS patients and non-CRS controls. clinical isolates, tissue samples, and matched clinical datasets were collected from CRS patients with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), and controls. B cell responses in tissue samples were characterised by FACS. biofilms were established , followed by measuring their properties of metabolic activity, biomass, colony-forming units, and exoprotein production. virulence was evaluated using whole-genome sequencing, mass spectrometry and application of biofilm exoproteins to air-liquid interface cultures of primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNEC-ALI). biofilm properties were correlated with increased CRS severity scores, infiltration of antibody-secreting cells and loss of regulatory B cells in tissue samples. Biofilm exoproteins from with high biofilm metabolic activity had enriched virulence genes and proteins and negatively affected the barrier function of HNEC-ALI cultures. These findings support the notion of strain-level variation in biofilms to be critical in the pathophysiology of CRS.

中文翻译：

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金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜特性与免疫 B 细胞亚群频率和慢性鼻窦炎的严重程度相关

粘膜生物膜与顽固性慢性鼻窦炎（CRS）有关。然而，在没有粘膜炎症的情况下，鼻窦粘膜的定植很常见。这对生物膜在 CRS 发病机制中的相关性提出了质疑。本研究旨在调查 CRS 患者和非 CRS 对照的鼻腔组织中生长的生物膜特性的菌株水平变化是否与 CRS 疾病严重程度、毒性和鼻窦组织中的免疫 B 细胞反应有关。从患有鼻息肉的 CRS 患者 (CRSwNP)、不伴有鼻息肉的 CRS 患者 (CRSsNP) 和对照中收集临床分离株、组织样本和匹配的临床数据集。通过 FACS 表征组织样品中的 B 细胞反应。建立生物膜，然后测量其代谢活性、生物量、集落形成单位和外蛋白产量的特性。使用全基因组测序、质谱分析以及将生物膜外蛋白应用于原代人鼻上皮细胞气液界面培养物（HNEC-ALI）来评估毒力。生物膜特性与组织样本中 CRS 严重程度评分增加、抗体分泌细胞浸润和调节性 B 细胞损失相关。具有高生物膜代谢活性的生物膜外蛋白丰富了毒力基因和蛋白质，并对 HNEC-ALI 培养物的屏障功能产生负面影响。这些发现支持生物膜菌株水平变异在 CRS 病理生理学中至关重要的概念。