Enhancers are the key regulators of other DNA-based processes by virtue of their unique ability to generate nucleosome-depleted regions in a highly regulated manner. Enhancers regulate cell-type-specific transcription of tRNA genes by RNA polymerase III (Pol III). They are also responsible for the binding of the origin replication complex (ORC) to DNA replication origins, thereby regulating origin utilization, replication timing, and replication-dependent chromosome breaks. Additionally, enhancers regulate V(D)J recombination by increasing access of the recombination-activating gene (RAG) recombinase to target sites and by generating non-coding enhancer RNAs and localized regions of trimethylated histone H3-K4 recognized by the RAG2 PHD domain. Thus, enhancers represent the first step in decoding the genome, and hence they regulate biological processes that, unlike RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription, do not have dedicated regulatory proteins.

增强子凭借其以高度调控的方式产生核小体耗尽区域的独特能力，成为其他基于 DNA 的过程的关键调节剂。增强子通过 RNA 聚合酶 III (Pol III) 调节 tRNA 基因的细胞类型特异性转录。它们还负责将起点复制复合物 (ORC) 与 DNA 复制起点结合，从而调节起点利用、复制时间和复制依赖性染色体断裂。此外，增强子通过增加重组激活基因 (RAG) 重组酶与靶位点的接触以及生成非编码增强子 RNA 和 RAG2 PHD 结构域识别的三甲基化组蛋白 H3-K4 局部区域来调节 V(D)J 重组。因此，增强子代表了解码基因组的第一步，因此它们调节生物过程，与 RNA 聚合酶 II (Pol II) 转录不同，它们没有专门的调节蛋白。