In the current era emphasizing sustainability and circularity, supply chain network design is a critical challenge for making reliable decisions. The optimization of facility location-allocation inventory problems (FLAIPs) holds the key to achieving dependable product delivery with reduced costs and carbon emissions. Despite the importance of these challenges, a substantial research gap exists regarding economic, reliability, and sustainability criteria for FLAIPs. This paper aims to fill this gap by introducing a multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming model, focusing on configuring a reliable sustainable supply chain network. The model addresses three key objectives: minimizing costs, minimizing emissions, and maximizing reliability. A notable contribution of this research lies in elaborating on five levels of a supply chain network catering to the delivery of multiple products across various periods. Another novelty is the simultaneous incorporation of economic, environmental, and reliability objectives in the network design—a facet rarely addressed in prior research. Results highlight that varying demand levels for each facility lead to altered trade-offs between objectives, empowering practitioners to make diverse decisions in facility location allocation. The proposed mathematical model undergoes validation through numerical examples and sensitivity analysis of parameters. The paper concludes by presenting theoretical and managerial implications, contributing valuable insights to the field of sustainable supply chains.

在当今强调可持续性和循环性的时代，供应链网络设计是做出可靠决策的关键挑战。设施位置分配库存问题 (FLAIP) 的优化是实现可靠产品交付、降低成本和碳排放的关键。尽管这些挑战很重要，但在 FLAIP 的经济性、可靠性和可持续性标准方面仍存在巨大的研究差距。本文旨在通过引入多目标混合整数线性规划模型来填补这一空白，重点是配置可靠的可持续供应链网络。该模型解决了三个关键目标：最小化成本、最小化排放和最大化可靠性。这项研究的一个显着贡献在于详细阐述了供应链网络的五个层面，以满足不同时期多种产品的交付。另一个新颖之处是在网络设计中同时纳入经济、环境和可靠性目标——这是先前研究中很少涉及的一个方面。结果强调，每个设施的不同需求水平会导致目标之间的权衡发生变化，从而使从业者能够在设施位置分配方面做出不同的决策。所提出的数学模型通过数值例子和参数敏感性分析进行了验证。本文最后提出了理论和管理意义，为可持续供应链领域提供了宝贵的见解。