Understanding the microbial community structure in soil contaminated with heavy metals (HMs) is a precondition to conduct bioremediation in mine soil. Samples were collected from a typical lead–zinc (Pb–Zn) mine to assess the microbial community structure of the HMs concentrated in the soil. The goal was to analyze the bacterial and fungal community structures and their interactions using the 16S rRNA genes and internal transcribed spacer high-throughput sequencing. Analyses at different sampling sites showed that contamination with HMs significantly reduced the bacterial richness and diversity but increased that of the fungi. The predominant bacteria genera of Acidobacteriales, Gaiellales, Anaerolineaceae, Sulfurifustis, and Gemmatimonadaceae, and predominant fungal genera of Sordariomycetes, Talaromyces, and Mortierella were assumed as HM resistant genera in Pb–Zn mining area. The pH effect on the bacterial and fungal communities was opposite to those of Cd, Pb, and Zn. This study offers comprehensive outlooks for bacterial and fungal community structures upon multiple HM stresses in the soil around a typical Pb–Zn mine area.

了解重金属污染土壤中的微生物群落结构是对矿井土壤进行生物修复的前提。从典型的铅锌 (Pb-Zn) 矿采集样品，以评估土壤中重金属的微生物群落结构。目标是使用 16S rRNA 基因和内部转录间隔区高通量测序来分析细菌和真菌群落结构及其相互作用。不同采样点的分析表明，HMs 污染显着降低了细菌的丰富度和多样性，但增加了真菌的丰富度和多样性。铅锌矿区的优势菌属为Acidobacteriales、Gaiellales、Anaerolineaceae、Sulfurifustis、Gemmatimonadaceae和优势真菌属Sordariomycetes、Talaromyces、Mortierella为 HM 抗性属。 pH 对细菌和真菌群落的影响与 Cd、Pb 和 Zn 的影响相反。这项研究为典型铅锌矿区周围土壤中多重重金属胁迫下的细菌和真菌群落结构提供了全面的展望。