In this study, the toxicogenomic effects of five cytostatics (tamoxifen, methotrexate, capecitabine, cyclophosphamide, and ifosfamide) on fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) larvae were evaluated. Post-fertilization eggs were exposed to increasing concentrations of the drugs for six days. The expression levels of two genetic biomarkers for toxicity and four thyroid hormone-related gene pathways were measured. Interestingly, the results showed that all concentrations of the five cytostatics affect the transcription levels of both toxicity biomarker genes. Additionally, the thyroid hormone-related genes had different expression levels than the control, with the most significant changes observed in those larvae exposed to cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide. While a previous study found no effects on fish morphology, this study suggests that the five cytostatics modify subtle molecular responses of P. promelas, highlighting the importance of assessing multibiological level endpoints throughout the lifecycle of animals to understand the full portrait of potential effects of cytostatics and other contaminants.

在这项研究中，评估了五种细胞抑制剂（他莫昔芬、甲氨蝶呤、卡培他滨、环磷酰胺和异环磷酰胺）对黑头呆鱼（Pimephales promelas ）幼虫的毒理基因组效应。受精后的卵子暴露在浓度不断增加的药物中六天。测量了两种毒性遗传生物标志物和四种甲状腺激素相关基因途径的表达水平。有趣的是，结果表明五种细胞抑制剂的所有浓度都会影响两种毒性生物标志物基因的转录水平。此外，甲状腺激素相关基因的表达水平与对照不同，其中在暴露于环磷酰胺和异环磷酰胺的幼虫中观察到最显着的变化。虽然之前的研究发现对鱼类形态没有影响，但本研究表明，五种细胞抑制剂改变了P. promelas的微妙分子反应，强调了在动物整个生命周期中评估多生物水平终点的重要性，以全面了解细胞抑制剂的潜在影响和其他污染物。