Harvested Laminaria hyperborea contributes to approximately 3.3 million tonnes of epiphytes discarded as waste despite containing organisms such as red algae and bryozoa, known to produce a range of high-value and bioactive compounds. Our research aim is to valorize epiphyte biomass by exploring the cytotoxic and antimicrobial potential in various extracts and optimized fractionation by flash chromatography. All extracts and fractions were tested for cytotoxicity towards cell lines derived from Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), prostate cancer (PC-3), and breast cancer (MCF-7), as well as non-tumorigenic cell lines from the kidney and heart using metabolic activity as a read-out. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using microplate based Alamar Blue assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to determine the MIC against various human pathogens. Six extracts demonstrated significant cytotoxicity across all five cell lines (EC50 values below 46 µg/mL), while hexane extract selectively targeted AML cells with EC50 of 1.1 µg/mL. The hexane and ethyl acetate extracts displayed antimycobacterial and antifungal activity (MIC 100 µg/mL). A multistep flash fractionation of the methanolic extract revealed several cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. The flash fractions displayed a selective activity pattern depending on the elution solvent. Nine fractions were cytotoxic towards all cell lines (EC50 below 72 µg/mL), and four were highly cytotoxic (EC50 below 5.4 µg/mL). Two non-polar fractions were selective for the AML cell line. These results highlight the potential for discovering anticancer and antimicrobial compounds in epiphytes from Laminaria, necessitating further research on their active compounds. Overall, this work underscores the environmental and scientific value of converting marine by-products into a valuable resource, aligning with sustainability and ethical goals.

中文翻译：

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评估从海带生物精炼厂侧流中获得的附生生物质的细胞毒性和抗菌潜力

收获海带尽管含有红藻和苔藓虫等生物体，但仍产生约 330 万吨附生植物，这些附生植物被作为废物丢弃，这些生物体已知可产生一系列高价值和生物活性化合物。我们的研究目的是通过探索各种提取物的细胞毒性和抗菌潜力以及通过快速色谱法优化分级来稳定附生生物量。所有提取物和级分均经过细胞毒性测试，这些细胞系来自急性髓性白血病 (AML)、前列腺癌 (PC-3) 和乳腺癌 (MCF-7)，以及来自肾脏和心脏的非致瘤细胞系使用代谢活动作为读数。使用基于微孔板的 Alamar Blue 测定和最低抑菌浓度 (MIC) 评估抗菌活性，以确定针对各种人类病原体的 MIC。六种提取物在所有五种细胞系中均表现出显着的细胞毒性（EC50 值低于 46 µg/mL），而己烷提取物选择性靶向 AML 细胞，EC50 为 1.1 µg/mL。己烷和乙酸乙酯提取物显示出抗分枝杆菌和抗真菌活性（MIC 100 µg/mL）。甲醇提取物的多步快速分级显示出多种细胞毒性和抗菌活性。闪蒸级分显示出取决于洗脱溶剂的选择性活性模式。九个组分对所有细胞系均具有细胞毒性（EC50 低于 72 µg/mL），四个组分具有高度细胞毒性（EC50 低于 5.4 µg/mL）。两种非极性组分对 AML 细胞系具有选择性。这些结果凸显了在附生植物中发现抗癌和抗菌化合物的潜力海带，需要对其活性化合物进行进一步研究。总体而言，这项工作强调了将海洋副产品转化为宝贵资源的环境和科学价值，符合可持续性和道德目标。