Time delay integration charge-coupled device (TDI CCD) is sensitive to the platform’s stability during push-broom imaging. Due to variations in total integration time, panchromatic and multispectral images suffer varying degrees of geometric distortion caused by satellite jitter with high frequency, which leads to different inner distortion in different band images and different band-to-band mismatching errors between different band combinations. To address this problem, this article proposes a rigorous parallax observation model considering multistage integration time and presents a jitter distortion correction method for remote sensing panchromatic and multispectral images captured by TDI cameras based on it. First, the law of the amplitude attenuation and phase offset of platform jitter deviation on the image under different TDI stages is determined through simulation verification. Then, the rigorous parallax observation model is proposed to establish an accurate relationship between the relative jitter error of two multispectral images with multistage integration and the absolute single-stage integration jitter error by introducing the amplitude attenuation factor and phase offset. Finally, the jitter distortion curves of images with different integration stages and integration time can be reconstructed based on the estimated absolute jitter error and the imaging parameters. Subsequently, the jitter distortion can be further corrected by image resampling. The proposed method was verified through both simulation and real data experiments using GaoFen-9 satellite images. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively correct high-frequency jitter distortion in panchromatic and multispectral images, which cannot be corrected by traditional single-stage integration jitter detection model.

中文翻译：

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基于严格视差观测模型的时延积分相机遥感全色和多光谱图像抖动畸变校正

延时积分电荷耦合器件 (TDI CCD) 对推扫成像期间平台的稳定性很敏感。由于总积分时间的变化，全色和多光谱图像受到高频卫星抖动引起的不同程度的几何畸变，导致不同波段图像的内部畸变不同，不同波段组合之间的带间失配误差也不同。针对这一问题，本文提出了一种考虑多级积分时间的严格视差观测模型，并基于该模型提出了一种针对TDI相机拍摄的遥感全色和多光谱图像的抖动畸变校正方法。首先，通过仿真验证确定了不同TDI阶段下图像上平台抖动偏差的幅度衰减和相位偏移规律。然后，提出严格的视差观测模型，通过引入幅度衰减因子和相位偏移，建立多级积分的两幅多光谱图像的相对抖动误差与绝对单级积分抖动误差之间的准确关系。最后，根据估计的绝对抖动误差和成像参数，可以重建不同积分阶段和积分时间的图像的抖动失真曲线。随后，可以通过图像重采样进一步校正抖动失真。利用高分九号卫星图像通过仿真和真实数据实验验证了所提出的方法。实验结果表明，该方法能够有效纠正全色和多光谱图像中传统单级积分抖动检测模型无法纠正的高频抖动失真。