Depression and intimate partner violence (IPV) are highly related. However, it is unclear what drives this relationship: the form of violence (psychological, physical, or sexual) or its severity. In this study, we first identify patterns of combined forms and severity of violence and then estimate the effects of IPV on depression. We use the DHS and focus on Peru, a country with high IPV rates. Five classes of IPV were identified. The more intense the IPV class, the higher the effect on recent depression. However, the effect on depression tends to be smaller when levels of depression are higher.

中文翻译：

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超越表面：亲密伴侣暴力类型和近期抑郁症

抑郁症和亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）高度相关。然而，目前尚不清楚是什么驱动了这种关系：暴力的形式（心理、身体或性）或其严重程度。在这项研究中，我们首先确定暴力的组合形式和严重程度的模式，然后估计 IPV 对抑郁症的影响。我们使用 DHS 并重点关注 IPV 率较高的国家秘鲁。确定了五类 IPV。 IPV 类别越强烈，对近期抑郁症的影响就越大。然而，当抑郁水平较高时，对抑郁的影响往往较小。