Nanomaterials as artificial enzymes (nanozymes) have aroused extensive research interest owing to their highly stable, long storage period, and low-cost alternatives to enzymes. Recent significant advances in nanozymes open up new opportunities for the development of nanozymes in a wide range of applications due to their ultra-small size, good stability, and high biocompatibility. Many efforts have been devoted to the exploration of enzyme mimetic activities and their diverse applications by modulating the catalytic activities of nanozyme. In this review, practical introduction to the identification effect of the bio-templates (, biopolymers and hybrid biomolecules) on the biocatalytic performances of nanozymes is summarized. Then, the focus is on exciting advances of three efficient modulators in the nanozymes to improve the performance of catalytic activities in molecular sensing systems, including photo-modulation, plasmonic excitations, and charge-transfer interactions. Furthermore, we briefly describe the state-of-the-art advances in nanozyme-based molecular sensing of certain nanozymes as probes for the detection of cancer biomarkers, antioxidants, neurotransmitters, antibiotics, and toxin molecules. Eventually, it is anticipated to shed light on the further development of nanozymes for molecular detection by highlighting the current challenges and prospects for modulating the catalytic activities of diverse nanomaterials.

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调节纳米酶的催化活性以进行分子传感

纳米材料作为人工酶（纳米酶）因其稳定性高、保存期长、酶的低成本替代品而引起了广泛的研究兴趣。纳米酶最近取得的重大进展，由于其超小尺寸、良好的稳定性和高生物相容性，为纳米酶在广泛应用中的发展开辟了新的机遇。通过调节纳米酶的催化活性，人们致力于探索酶模拟活性及其多样化应用。在这篇综述中，总结了生物模板（生物聚合物和杂化生物分子）对纳米酶生物催化性能的识别作用的实际介绍。然后，重点是纳米酶中三种有效调节剂的令人兴奋的进展，以提高分子传感系统中催化活性的性能，包括光调制、等离子体激发和电荷转移相互作用。此外，我们简要描述了某些纳米酶作为检测癌症生物标志物、抗氧化剂、神经递质、抗生素和毒素分子的探针的基于纳米酶的分子传感的最新进展。最终，通过强调当前调节不同纳米材料催化活性的挑战和前景，预计将揭示用于分子检测的纳米酶的进一步发展。