nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a very common and infectious virus that affects silkworms and hinders silk production. To investigate the intestinal flora of BmNPV-resistant and BmNPV-sensitive silkworm varieties, 16 S rDNA high-throughput sequencing was performed. The results of the cluster analysis showed that the intestinal flora of the resistant silkworm variety was more abundant than that of the sensitive silkworm variety. This was found even when infection with BmNPV caused a sharp decline in the number of intestinal floral species in both resistant and sensitive silkworm varieties. The abundances of the intestinal flora, including , , , , , and , in the resistant variety were considerably greater after infection with BmNPV than those in the sensitive variety. After infection with BmNPV, four kinds of important intestinal bacteria, namely, f_Saccharimonadaceae, , , and f_Rhizobiaceae, were found in the resistant silkworm variety. In the sensitive silkworm variety, only was an important intestinal bacterium. The differential or important bacteria mentioned above might be involved in immunoreaction or antiviral activities, especially in the intestines of BmNPV-resistant silkworms. By conducting a functional enrichment analysis, we found that BmNPV infection did not change the abundance of important functional components of the intestinal flora in resistant or sensitive silkworm varieties. However, some functional factors, such as the biosynthesis, transport, and catabolism of secondary metabolites (e.g., terpenoids and polyketides) and lipid transport and metabolism, were more important in the resistant silkworm variety than in the sensitive variety; thus, these factors may increase the resistance of the host to BmNPV. To summarize, we found significant differences in the composition, abundance, and function of the intestinal flora between resistant and sensitive silkworm varieties, especially after infection with BmNPV, which might be closely related to the resistance of resistant silkworm varieties to BmNPV.

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抗BmNPV和敏感家蚕品种肠道菌群的比较分析

核多角体病毒（BmNPV）是一种非常常见的传染性病毒，会影响蚕并阻碍蚕丝生产。为了研究 BmNPV 抗性和 BmNPV 敏感家蚕品种的肠道菌群，进行了 16 S rDNA 高通量测序。聚类分析结果表明，抗性家蚕品种的肠道菌群比敏感家蚕品种更为丰富。即使当 BmNPV 感染导致抗性和敏感蚕品种的肠道花卉种类数量急剧下降时，也发现了这一点。感染 BmNPV 后，抗性品种的肠道菌群丰度（包括 、 、 、 、 和 ）显着高于敏感品种。感染BmNPV后，在抗性家蚕品种中发现了4种重要的肠道细菌，即f_Saccharimonadaceae、f_Rhizobiaceae、f_Rhizobiaceae。在敏感的蚕品种中，只有一种重要的肠道细菌。上述差异或重要细菌可能参与免疫反应或抗病毒活性，特别是在BmNPV抗性蚕的肠道中。通过进行功能富集分析，我们发现BmNPV感染并没有改变抗性或敏感蚕品种肠道菌群重要功能成分的丰度。然而，一些功能因素，如次级代谢产物（如萜类和聚酮化合物）的生物合成、运输和分解代谢以及脂质运输和代谢，在抗性蚕品种中比在敏感品种中更为重要。因此，这些因素可能会增加宿主对 BmNPV 的抵抗力。综上所述，我们发现抗性和敏感家蚕品种的肠道菌群组成、丰度和功能存在显着差异，尤其是感染BmNPV后，这可能与抗性家蚕品种对BmNPV的抗性密切相关。