Compromised balance is known to contribute to falls, which are associated with increased morbidity and mortality for older adults. Evidence suggests that the application of local vibration to the lower limbs of older adults has the potential to modulate balance. To identify the temporal and mechanical parameters of vibration applied locally to the lower limbs of older adults that modulate measures of balance, and to define the short- and long-term effects of vibration on balance in this population. The PRISMA 2020 guidelines were used to conduct a systematic search including the PUBMED, EMBASE, and Scopus databases to identify peer-reviewed literature where vibration was applied to the lower limbs of older adults to modulate balance. Data was extracted using a study-specific data extraction form and risk of bias assessed. Where possible, effect sizes were calculated. Of 7777 records screened, ten randomised controlled trials and 43 prospective laboratory-based studies met the inclusion criteria. Vibration frequencies ranged from 1 to 272 Hz, most studies (n=41) used ≤100 Hz. Amplitude ranged from 0.2 to 3.0 mm, most studies (n=28) used ≤1 mm. Effects of short-term vibration (applied for seconds to hours) were measured during and/or immediately after application. Short-term suprathreshold perceived muscle/tendon vibration had a ‘large’ destabilising effect size on balance in healthy older adults, but little or no effect on older fallers. Short-term subthreshold vibration to the soles of the feet had a ‘small’ stabilising effect size. Suprathreshold muscle, tendon or sole vibration applied for 10–30 min over days to weeks improved balance measures, but most (8 of 10) had increased risk of bias. The heterogeneity of methodology, populations, and vibration and balance parameters precluded conclusions about the relative effects of lower limb vibration in older adults. However, these results suggest that the application of local vibration to the lower limbs of older adults can modulate balance in the short- and long-term.

中文翻译：

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调节老年人平衡的局部施加振动的时间和物理特征是什么？ - 文献的系统回顾

众所周知，平衡受损会导致跌倒，而跌倒又会增加老年人的发病率和死亡率。有证据表明，对老年人下肢施加局部振动有可能调节平衡。确定局部应用于老年人下肢的调节平衡措施的振动的时间和机械参数，并确定振动对该人群平衡的短期和长期影响。 PRISMA 2020 指南用于进行系统检索，包括 PUBMED、EMBASE 和 Scopus 数据库，以确定对老年人下肢施加振动以调节平衡的同行评审文献。使用特定于研究的数据提取表格提取数据并评估偏倚风险。在可能的情况下，计算效应大小。在筛选的 7777 份记录中，有 10 项随机对照试验和 43 项前瞻性实验室研究符合纳入标准。振动频率范围为 1 至 272 Hz，大多数研究 (n=41) 使用 ≤100 Hz。振幅范围为 0.2 至 3.0 mm，大多数研究 (n=28) 使用 ≤1 mm。在施用期间和/或施用后立即测量短期振动（施用几秒到几小时）的影响。短期超阈值感知的肌肉/肌腱振动对健康老年人的平衡具有“大”的不稳定影响，但对老年跌倒者影响很小或没有影响。脚底的短期阈下振动具有“小”的稳定效果。在数天至数周内施加超阈值肌肉、肌腱或脚底振动 10-30 分钟可改善平衡措施，但大多数（10 中的 8）会增加偏差风险。由于方法、人群以及振动和平衡参数的异质性，无法得出关于老年人下肢振动相对影响的结论。然而，这些结果表明，对老年人下肢施加局部振动可以调节短期和长期的平衡。