The ancient and pervasively observed phenomenon of contact electrification (CE) is generally recognized to involve the transfer of electrons, ions, and materials between surfaces. However, compared to the mechanisms of electron and ion transfer, the understanding of how material transfer specifically contributes to this process remains less thoroughly developed. Herein a triboelectric material with an adhesive surface, namely viscoelastic polyacrylate adhesive, was used to amplify the CE effect for better mechanism investigation to achieve a higher electrostatic charge density, which is widely accepted as the paramount factor influencing the electricity generation performance of mechanical energy harvesters that operate on the principle of electrostatic induction. A direct covalent bond cleavage mode of polymer chains was inspired and proposed based on the visible fiber drawing phenomenon during the CE process. It can well understand the formation of mechaoradicals via homolytic bond cleavage and generation of electrostatic charges by heterolytic bond cleavage within polymer chains, respectively. They were theoretically and energetically plausible based on systematical analysis of combining entangled polymer chain dynamics, energy minimization principle with the assistance of polar substances (such as water), and experimentally demonstrated by adjusting the influential factors of relative humidity and interfacial adhesion force. A record charge density exceeding 90 nC cm-2 was achieved using polytetrafluoroethylene to CE with adhesive surfaces, which is much higher than those generated by CE at ambient conditions in the reported literature. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, a kind of adhesive surface-enabled biomechanical energy harvesters with unique frequency-insensitive and high-performance characteristics was further developed to sustainably power a wearable tracking insole system without the anxiety of battery exhaustion and the burden of carrying additional accessories.

中文翻译：

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了解通过聚合物链直接共价键断裂实现超高静电荷密度的接触起电

人们普遍认为，古老且普遍观察到的接触起电（CE）现象涉及电子、离子和材料在表面之间的转移。然而，与电子和离子转移的机制相比，对材料转移如何具体促进这一过程的理解仍然不够深入。本文使用具有粘合表面的摩擦电材料，即粘弹性聚丙烯酸酯粘合剂来放大CE效应，以便更好地研究机理，以实现更高的静电荷密度，这被广泛认为是影响机械能量收集器发电性能的最重要因素根据静电感应原理工作。基于CE过程中可见的纤维拉丝现象，启发并提出了聚合物链的直接共价键断裂模式。它可以很好地理解分别通过聚合物链内均裂键断裂形成力自由基和通过异裂键断裂产生静电荷。基于纠缠聚合物链动力学、能量最小化原理与极性物质（如水）的帮助相结合的系统分析，它们在理论上和能量上是合理的，并通过调整相对湿度和界面粘附力的影响因素进行了实验证明。使用聚四氟乙烯在具有粘合表面的CE上实现了超过90 nC cm-2的记录电荷密度，这远高于文献报道的环境条件下CE产生的电荷密度。作为概念验证演示，进一步开发了一种具有独特的频率不敏感和高性能特性的粘性表面生物力学能量收集器，可以为可穿戴跟踪鞋垫系统可持续供电，而无需担心电池耗尽和电池负担。携带附加配件。