Wireless and wearable sensors attract considerable interest in personalized healthcare by providing a unique approach for remote, noncontact, and continuous monitoring of various health-related signals without interference with daily life. Recent advances in wireless technologies and wearable sensors have promoted practical applications due to their significantly improved characteristics, such as reduction in size and thickness, enhancement in flexibility and stretchability, and improved conformability to the human body. Currently, most researches focus on active materials and structural designs for wearable sensors, with just a few exceptions reflecting on the technologies for wireless data transmission. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art wireless technologies and related studies on empowering wearable sensors. The emerging functional nanomaterials utilized for designing unique wireless modules are highlighted, which include metals, carbons, and MXenes. Additionally, the review outlines the system-level integration of wireless modules with flexible sensors, spanning from novel design strategies for enhanced conformability to efficient transmitting data wirelessly. Furthermore, the review introduces representative applications for remote and noninvasive monitoring of physiological signals through on-skin and implantable wireless flexible sensing systems. Finally, the challenges, perspectives, and unprecedented opportunities for wireless and wearable sensors are discussed.

中文翻译：

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灵活可穿戴传感中的无线技术：从材料设计、系统集成到应用

无线和可穿戴传感器通过提供一种独特的方法来远程、非接触和连续监测各种健康相关信号而不干扰日常生活，从而吸引了人们对个性化医疗保健的极大兴趣。无线技术和可穿戴传感器的最新进展因其显着改善的特性而促进了实际应用，例如尺寸和厚度的减小、灵活性和拉伸性的增强以及对人体的舒适性的提高。目前，大多数研究都集中在可穿戴传感器的活性材料和结构设计上，只有少数例外反映了无线数据传输技术。本综述全面概述了最先进的无线技术以及增强可穿戴传感器的相关研究。重点介绍了用于设计独特无线模块的新兴功能纳米材料，其中包括金属、碳和 MXene。此外，该评论还概述了无线模块与灵活传感器的系统级集成，涵盖从增强一致性的新颖设计策略到高效无线传输数据。此外，该评论还介绍了通过皮肤和植入式无线柔性传感系统对生理信号进行远程和无创监测的代表性应用。最后，讨论了无线和可穿戴传感器的挑战、前景和前所未有的机遇。