Exosomes‐like nanoparticles (ELNs) (exosomes or extracellular vesicles) are vesicle‐like bodies secreted by cells. Plant ELNs (PENs) are membrane vesicles secreted by plant cells, with a lipid bilayer as the basic skeleton, enclosing various active substances such as proteins and nucleic acids, which have many physiological and pathological functions. Recent studies have found that the PENs are widespread within different plant species and their biological functions are increasingly recognized. The effective separation method is also necessary for its function and application. Ultracentrifugation, sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, polymer‐based precipitation methods, etc., are commonly used methods for plant exosome‐like nanoparticle extraction. In recent years, emerging methods such as size exclusion chromatography, immunoaffinity capture‐based technique, and microfluidic technology have shown advancements compared to traditional methods. The standardized separation process for PENs continues to evolve. In this review, we summarized the recent progress in the biogenesis, components, separation methods, and some functions of PENs. When the research on the separation method of PENs and their unique biological structure is further studied. A brand‐new idea for the efficient separation and utilization of PENs can be provided in the future, which has a very broad prospect.

中文翻译：

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植物源性外泌体样纳米粒子的分离及应用综述

外泌体样纳米颗粒（ELN）（外泌体或细胞外囊泡）是细胞分泌的囊泡状小体。植物ELN（PEN）是植物细胞分泌的膜囊泡，以脂双层为基本骨架，内含蛋白质、核酸等多种活性物质，具有多种生理和病理功能。最近的研究发现，PENs广泛存在于不同植物物种中，其生物学功能越来越受到人们的认可。有效的分离方法对其发挥作用和应用也是必要的。超速离心、蔗糖密度梯度超速离心、超滤、聚合物沉淀法等是植物类外泌体纳米颗粒提取的常用方法。近年来，尺寸排阻色谱、基于免疫亲和捕获的技术和微流控技术等新兴方法与传统方法相比已显示出进步。 PEN 的标准化分离流程不断发展。在这篇综述中，我们总结了PENs的生物发生、成分、分离方法和一些功能的最新进展。当对PENs的分离方法及其独特的生物结构进行进一步研究时。为未来PENs的高效分离和利用提供了一种全新的思路，具有非常广阔的前景。