Classical models of tool knowledge and use are centred on dorsal and ventral parietal pathways. Theories of semantic cognition implicate a 'hub-and-spoke' network, centred on the anterior temporal lobe (ATL), that underpins all concepts including tools. Despite their prominence, the two theoretical frameworks have never been brought together and the large discrepancy in the functional neuroanatomy addressed. We undertook a multiple-regression Representational Similarity Analysis (RSA) of task fMRI data with four (motor action, broad function, mechanical function, object structure) feature-based models. The motor action model correlated with the activation patterns in bilateral superior parietal lobules (SPL), while the models of broad function and mechanical effect aligned with the activation patterns in bilateral ATLs. The object-structure model correlated with activation patterns in bilateral middle occipital gyri. The results also showed that the ventral ATL activation patterns corresponded simultaneously with all RDM models except object structure. Furthermore, a standard univariate analysis using tool-familiarity ratings for parametric modulation revealed that the classical tool-network regions (frontal, inferior parietal, and posterior middle temporal cortices) were increasingly active as the tool familiarity reduced. These results demonstrate that parietal and ATL regions are both crucial, and motivate a major extension and revision of the neuroanatomical framework for tool use.

中文翻译：

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fMRI-RSA 揭示的人类顶叶和前颞区工具的分布式和集成表示

工具知识和使用的经典模型以背侧和腹侧顶叶通路为中心。语义认知理论暗示了一个以前颞叶（ATL）为中心的“轮辐”网络，它支撑着包括工具在内的所有概念。尽管它们很突出，但这两个理论框架从未融合在一起，也从未解决过功能神经解剖学上的巨大差异。我们对任务 fMRI 数据进行了多重回归表征相似性分析 (RSA)，其中包含四种基于特征的模型（运动动作、广泛功能、机械功能、物体结构）。运动动作模型与双侧顶叶上小叶（SPL）的激活模式相关，而广泛功能和机械效应的模型与双侧 ATL 的激活模式相关。对象结构模型与双侧枕中回的激活模式相关。结果还表明，腹侧 ATL 激活模式与除物体结构之外的所有 RDM 模型同时对应。此外，使用工具熟悉度评级进行参数调制的标准单变量分析表明，随着工具熟悉度的降低，经典工具网络区域（额叶、下顶叶和后中颞叶皮层）变得越来越活跃。这些结果表明，顶叶和 ATL 区域都至关重要，并促进了工具使用的神经解剖框架的重大扩展和修订。