We present an updated analysis of eleven cosmological models that may help reduce the Hubble tension, which now reaches the 6σ level when considering the latest SH0ES measurement versus recent CMB and BAO data, assuming ΛCDM. Specifically, we look at five classical extensions of ΛCDM (with massive neutrinos, spatial curvature, free-streaming or self-interacting relativistic relics, or dynamical dark energy) and six elaborate models featuring either a time-varying electron mass, early dark energy or some non-trivial interactions in the neutrino sector triggered by a light Majoron. We improve over previous works in several ways. We include the latest data from the South Pole Telescope as well as the most recent measurement of the Hubble rate by the SH0ES collaboration. We treat the summed neutrino mass as a free parameter in most of our models, which reveals interesting degeneracies and constraints. We define additional metrics to assess the potential of a model to reduce or even solve the Hubble tension. We validate an emulator that uses active learning to train itself during each parameter inference run for any arbitrary model. We find that the time-varying electron mass and the Majoron models are now ruled out at more than 3σ. Models with a time-varying electron mass and spatial curvature or with early dark energy reduce the tension to 1.0-2.9σ. Nevertheless, none of the models considered in this work is favored with enough statistical significance to become the next concordance model of Cosmology.

中文翻译：

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使用新的 SH0ES 和 SPT-3G 数据回顾哈勃张力解

我们对 11 个宇宙学模型进行了更新分析，这些模型可能有助于降低哈勃张力，在假设 ΛCDM 的情况下，考虑到最新的 SH0ES 测量与最近的 CMB 和 BAO 数据，哈勃张力现在达到 6σ 水平。具体来说，我们研究了 ΛCDM 的五个经典扩展（具有大量中微子、空间曲率、自由流动或自相互作用的相对论遗迹或动态暗能量）和六个精心设计的模型，其特征是时变电子质量、早期暗能量或由轻马约伦引发的中微子区域中一些重要的相互作用。我们在几个方面改进了以前的作品。我们包括来自南极望远镜的最新数据以及 SH0ES 合作对哈勃速率的最新测量。在我们的大多数模型中，我们将中微子质量总和视为自由参数，这揭示了有趣的简并性和约束。我们定义了额外的指标来评估模型减少甚至解决哈勃张力的潜力。我们验证了一个模拟器，该模拟器在任意模型的每个参数推理运行期间使用主动学习来训练自身。我们发现时变电子质量和 Majoron 模型现在在超过 3σ 时被排除。具有时变电子质量和空间曲率或早期暗能量的模型将张力降低至 1.0-2.9σ。然而，这项工作中考虑的模型都没有足够的统计意义来成为宇宙学的下一个一致性模型。