Both depression and insomnia are found to be more prevalent in cancer patients compared to the general population. This study compared the network structures of depression and insomnia among cancer patients versus cancer-free participants (controls hereafter). The 8-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-8) and the 4-item Jenkins Sleep Scale (JSS-4) were used to measure depressive and insomnia symptoms, respectively. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to construct the control group using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). In total, a sample consisting of 2216 cancer patients and 2216 controls was constructed. Central (influential) and bridge symptoms were estimated using the expected influence (EI) and bridge expected influence (bridge EI), respectively. Network stability was assessed using the case-dropping bootstrap method. The prevalence of depression (CESD-8 total score ≥ 4) in cancer patients was significantly higher compared to the control group (28.56 % vs. 24.73 %; = 0.004). Cancer patients also had more severe depressive symptoms relative to controls, but there was no significant group difference for insomnia symptoms. The network structures of depressive and insomnia symptoms were comparable between cancer patients and controls. “Felt sadness” (EI: 6.866 in cancer patients; EI: 5.861 in controls), “Felt unhappy” (EI: 6.371 in cancer patients; EI: 5.720 in controls) and “Felt depressed” (EI: 6.003 in cancer patients; EI: 5.880 in controls) emerged as the key central symptoms, and “Felt tired in morning” (bridge EI: 1.870 in cancer patients; EI: 1.266 in controls) and “Everything was an effort” (bridge EI: 1.046 in cancer patients; EI: 0.921 in controls) were the key bridge symptoms across both groups. Although cancer patients had more frequent and severe depressive symptoms compared to controls, no significant difference was observed in the network structure or strength of the depressive and insomnia symptoms. Consequently, psychosocial interventions for treating depression and insomnia in the general population could be equally applicable for cancer patients who experience depression and insomnia.

中文翻译：

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使用倾向评分匹配的癌症患者抑郁和失眠症状的网络结构：健康与退休研究 (HRS) 的发现

研究发现，与普通人群相比，癌症患者的抑郁症和失眠症更为普遍。这项研究比较了癌症患者与非癌症参与者（以下称为对照）的抑郁和失眠网络结构。流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CESD-8）的8项和詹金斯睡眠量表（JSS-4）的4项分别用于测量抑郁和失眠症状。倾向评分匹配（PSM）用于利用健康与退休研究（HRS）的数据构建对照组。总共构建了一个由 2216 名癌症患者和 2216 名对照者组成的样本。分别使用预期影响 (EI) 和桥梁预期影响 (桥梁 EI) 估计中心（影响）和桥梁症状。使用案例丢弃引导方法评估网络稳定性。癌症患者抑郁症患病率（CESD-8 总分≥4）显着高于对照组（28.56 % vs. 24.73 %；= 0.004）。相对于对照组，癌症患者也有更严重的抑郁症状，但失眠症状没有显着的组间差异。癌症患者和对照组之间的抑郁和失眠症状的网络结构具有可比性。 “感到悲伤”（癌症患者 EI：6.866；对照组 EI：5.861）、“感到不快乐”（癌症患者 EI：6.371；对照组 EI：5.720）和“感到沮丧”（癌症患者 EI：6.003；对照组 EI：5.720）。 EI：对照组为 5.880）成为关键的中心症状，“早上感到疲倦”（癌症患者的桥梁 EI：1.870；对照组的 EI：1.266）和“一切都是努力”（癌症患者的桥梁 EI：1.046） ; EI：对照组为 0.921）是两组的关键桥梁症状。尽管与对照组相比，癌症患者的抑郁症状更频繁、更严重，但抑郁和失眠症状的网络结构或强度没有观察到显着差异。因此，治疗普通人群抑郁和失眠的心理社会干预措施同样适用于患有抑郁和失眠的癌症患者。