Romantic relationship dissolutions (RRDs) are associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Functional magnetic resonance imaging in RRD studies indicate overlapping neural activation similar to posttraumatic stress disorder. These studies combine real and hypothetical rejection, and lack contextual information and control and/or comparison groups exposed to non-RRD or DSM-5 defined traumatic events. We investigated blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) activation in the hippocampus, amygdala, and insula of participants with RRDs compared with other traumatic or non-trauma stressors. Emerging adults (mean age = 21.54 years; female = 74.7 %) who experienced an RRD ( = 36), DSM-5 defined trauma (physical and/or sexual assault: = 15), or a non-RRD or DSM-5 stressor ( = 28) completed PTSS, depression, childhood trauma, lifetime trauma exposure, and attachment measures. We used a general and customised version of the International Affective Picture System to investigate responses to index-trauma-related stimuli. We used mixed linear models to assess between-group differences, and ANOVAs and Spearman's correlations to analyse factors associated with BOLD activation. BOLD activity increased between index-trauma stimuli as compared to neutral stimuli in the hippocampus and amygdala, with no significant difference between the DSM-5 Trauma and RRD groups. Childhood adversity, sexual orientation, and attachment style were associated with BOLD activation changes. Breakup characteristics (e.g., initiator status) were associated with increased BOLD activation in the hippocampus and amygdala, in the RRD group. RRDs should be considered as potentially traumatic events. Breakup characteristics are risk factors for experiencing RRDs as traumatic. Future studies should consider more diverse representation across sex, ethnicity, and sexual orientation.

中文翻译：

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海马、杏仁核和岛叶激活对浪漫关系解除刺激的反应：针对新生成年学生的病例对照功能磁共振成像研究

浪漫关系解体（RRD）与创伤后应激症状（PTSS）相关。 RRD 研究中的功能磁共振成像表明与创伤后应激障碍类似的重叠神经激活。这些研究结合了真实的和假设的拒绝，并且缺乏背景信息以及暴露于非 RRD 或 DSM-5 定义的创伤事件的对照组和/或比较组。我们研究了 RRD 参与者与其他创伤性或非创伤性应激源的海马体、杏仁核和岛叶的血氧水平依赖性 (BOLD) 激活情况。经历过 RRD (= 36)、DSM-5 定义的创伤（身体和/或性侵犯：= 15）或非 RRD 或 DSM-5 压力源的新兴成年人（平均年龄 = 21.54 岁；女性 = 74.7 %） ( = 28) 完成了 PTSS、抑郁、童年创伤、终生创伤暴露和依恋测量。我们使用国际情感图片系统的通用和定制版本来研究对索引创伤相关刺激的反应。我们使用混合线性模型来评估组间差异，并使用方差分析和 Spearman 相关性来分析与 BOLD 激活相关的因素。与海马和杏仁核中性刺激相比，指数创伤刺激之间的 BOLD 活性有所增加，但 DSM-5 创伤组和 RRD 组之间没有显着差异。童年逆境、性取向和依恋风格与大胆激活变化相关。在 RRD 组中，破裂特征（例如引发剂状态）与海马体和杏仁核 BOLD 激活增加相关。 RRD 应被视为潜在的创伤性事件。分手特征是 RRD 造成创伤的危险因素。未来的研究应该考虑跨性别、种族和性取向的更多样化的代表性。