Space weather is a multidisciplinary research area connecting scientists from across heliophysics domains seeking a coherent understanding of our space environment that can also serve modern life and society’s needs. COSPAR’s ISWAT (International Space Weather Action Teams) “clusters” focus attention on different areas of space weather study while ensuring the coupled system is broadly addressed via regular communications and interactions. The ISWAT H3 cluster “Radiation environment in heliosphere” (https://www.iswat-cospar.org/h3) has been working to provide a scientific platform to understand, characterize, and predict the energetic particle radiation in the heliosphere with the practical goal of mitigating radiation risks associated with areospace activities, the satellite industry, and human space explorations. In particular, present approaches help us understand the physical phenomena at large, optimizing the output of multiviewpoint observations and pushing current models to their limits. In this article, we review the scientific aspects of the radiation environment in the heliosphere, covering four different radiation types: solar energetic particles, ground-level enhancement (a type of solar energetic particle event with energies high enough to trigger signals in ground-level detectors), galactic cosmic rays, and anomalous cosmic rays. We focus on related advances in the research community in the past 10–20 years and what we still lack in terms of understanding and predictive capabilities. Finally, we also consider some recommendations related to the improvement of both observational and modeling capabilities in the field of the space radiation environment.

中文翻译：

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日光层中的粒子辐射环境：现状、限制和建议

空间天气是一个多学科研究领域，将来自各个太阳物理学领域的科学家联系起来，寻求对我们的空间环境的一致理解，同时也可以满足现代生活和社会的需求。 COSPAR 的 ISWAT（国际空间天气行动小组）“集群”重点关注空间天气研究的不同领域，同时确保通过定期通信和互动广泛解决耦合系统问题。 ISWAT H3 星团“日光层辐射环境”(https://www.iswat-cospar.org/h3) 一直致力于提供一个科学平台，以通过实际应用来理解、表征和预测日光层中的高能粒子辐射。减轻与航空航天活动、卫星工业和载人航天探索相关的辐射风险的目标。特别是，目前的方法可以帮助我们理解整个物理现象，优化多视点观测的输出并将当前模型推向极限。在本文中，我们回顾了日光层辐射环境的科学方面，涵盖四种不同的辐射类型：太阳高能粒子、地面增强（一种能量高到足以触发地面信号的太阳高能粒子事件）探测器）、银河宇宙射线和异常宇宙射线。我们关注过去10-20年研究界的相关进展以及我们在理解和预测能力方面仍然缺乏的内容。最后，我们还考虑了一些与提高空间辐射环境领域的观测和建模能力相关的建议。