Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss, and impaired daily functioning. The pathology of AD is marked by the accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and tau protein tangles in brain, along with neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction. Genetic factors, such as mutations in APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 genes, as well as APOE ε4 allele, contribute to increased risk of acquiring AD. Currently available treatments provide symptomatic relief but do not halt disease progression. Research efforts are focused on developing disease-modifying therapies that target the underlying pathological mechanisms of AD. Advances in identification and validation of reliable biomarkers for AD hold great promise for enhancing early diagnosis, monitoring disease progression, and assessing treatment response in clinical practice, in effort to alleviate the burden of this devastating disease. In this paper, we analyze data from the CAS Content Collection to summarize the research progress in Alzheimer’s disease. We examine the publication landscape in effort to provide insights into current knowledge advances and developments. We also review the most discussed and emerging concepts and assess the strategies to combat the disease. We explore the genetic risk factors, pharmacological targets, and comorbid diseases. Finally, we inspect clinical applications of products against AD with their development pipelines and efforts for drug repurposing. The objective of this review is to provide a broad overview of the evolving landscape of current knowledge regarding AD, to outline challenges, and evaluate growth opportunities to further efforts in combating the disease.

中文翻译：

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阿尔茨海默病：探索认知衰退的景观

阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 是一种进行性神经退行性疾病，其特征是认知能力下降、记忆力丧失和日常功能受损。 AD 的病理学特征是大脑中β-淀粉样蛋白斑块和 tau 蛋白缠结的积累，以及神经炎症和突触功能障碍。遗传因素，例如 APP、PSEN1 和 PSEN2 基因以及 APOE ε4 等位基因的突变，会增加患 AD 的风险。目前可用的治疗可以缓解症状，但不能阻止疾病进展。研究工作的重点是开发针对 AD 潜在病理机制的疾病缓解疗法。 AD 可靠生物标志物的识别和验证方面的进展为加强早期诊断、监测疾病进展和评估临床实践中的治疗反应带来了巨大希望，从而努力减轻这种破坏性疾病的负担。在本文中，我们分析了 CAS Content Collection 的数据，总结了阿尔茨海默病的研究进展。我们研究出版格局，努力提供对当前知识进步和发展的见解。我们还回顾了讨论最多的和新兴的概念，并评估了对抗这种疾病的策略。我们探索遗传风险因素、药理学靶点和共存疾病。最后，我们检查了针对 AD 的产品的临床应用及其开发管道和药物再利用的努力。本次综述的目的是对当前 AD 知识的演变提供一个广泛的概述，概述挑战，并评估进一步努力抗击该疾病的增长机会。