Depression is a significant mental health concern affecting the overall well-being of adolescents and young adults. Recently, the prevalence of depression has increased among young people. Nonetheless, there is little research delving into the longitudinal epidemiology of adolescent depression over time.

To investigate the longitudinal epidemiology of depression among adolescents and young adults aged 10–24 years.

Our research focused on young people (aged 10–24 years) with depression, using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019. We explored the age-standardised prevalence, incidence and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of depression in different groups, including various regions, ages, genders and sociodemographic indices, from 1990 to 2019.

The prevalence, incidence and DALYs of depression in young people increased globally between 1990 and 2019. Regionally, higher-income regions like High-Income North America and Australasia recorded rising age-standardised prevalence and incidence rates, whereas low- or middle-income regions mostly saw reductions. Nationally, countries such as Greenland, the USA and Palestine reported the highest age-standardised prevalence and incidence rates in 2019, whereas Qatar witnessed the largest growth over time. The burden disproportionately affected females across age groups and world regions. The most prominent age effect on incidence and prevalence rates was in those aged 20–24 years. The depression burden showed an unfavourable trend in younger cohorts born after 1980, with females reporting a higher cohort risk than males.

Between 1990 and 2019, the general pattern of depression among adolescents varied according to age, gender, time period and generational cohort, across regions and nations.

抑郁症是影响青少年和年轻人整体福祉的重要心理健康问题。近年来，抑郁症在年轻人中的患病率有所上升。尽管如此，很少有研究深入探讨青少年抑郁症随时间的纵向流行病学。

调查 10-24 岁青少年和年轻人抑郁症的纵向流行病学。

我们的研究重点是患有抑郁症的年轻人（10-24 岁），使用了 2019 年全球疾病负担、伤害和危险因素研究的数据。我们探讨了年龄标准化患病率、发病率和伤残调整生命年（ 1990年至2019年不同群体抑郁症的DALY，包括不同地区、年龄、性别和社会人口统计指数。

1990 年至 2019 年间，全球年轻人抑郁症的患病率、发病率和伤残调整生命年 (DALY) 有所增加。从地区来看，高收入北美和澳大利亚等高收入地区的年龄标准化患病率和发病率不断上升，而低收入或中等收入地区大部分都出现了减少。在全国范围内，格陵兰岛、美国和巴勒斯坦等国家报告了 2019 年年龄标准化患病率和发病率最高的国家，而卡塔尔则随着时间的推移出现了最大的增长。这一负担对各个年龄段和世界各地区的女性造成了不成比例的影响。年龄对发病率和患病率影响最显着的是 20-24 岁人群。 1980 年后出生的年轻群体的抑郁负担呈现出不利的趋势，女性报告的群体风险高于男性。

1990 年至 2019 年间，不同地区和国家的青少年抑郁症总体模式因年龄、性别、时间段和代际群体而异。