Nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings of (hetero)aryl electrophiles with a diversity of nucleophiles (nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, and others) have evolved into competitive alternatives to well-established palladium- and copper-based protocols for the synthesis of (hetero)aryl products, including (hetero)anilines and (hetero)aryl ethers. A survey of the literature reveals that the use of cage phosphine (CgP) ‘DalPhos’ (DALhousie PHOSphine) bisphosphine-type ligands operating under thermal conditions currently offers the most broad substrate scope in nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings of this type, especially involving (hetero)aryl chlorides and phenol-derived electrophiles. The development and application of these DalPhos ligands is described in a ligand-specific manner that is intended to serve as a guide for the synthetic chemistry end-user.

中文翻译：

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笼状膦“DalPhos”配体的开发使镍催化的（杂）芳基亲电子试剂能够交叉偶联

（杂）芳基亲电子试剂与多种亲核试剂（氮、氧、碳等）的镍催化交叉偶联已发展成为用于合成（杂）的成熟的基于钯和铜的方案的竞争性替代方案芳基产品，包括（杂）苯胺和（杂）芳基醚。文献调查显示，在热条件下使用笼状膦 (CgP)“DalPhos”(DALhousie PHOSphine) 双膦型配体目前在此类镍催化交叉偶联中提供了最广泛的底物范围，特别是涉及（杂）芳基氯和苯酚衍生的亲电子试剂。这些 DalPhos 配体的开发和应用以配体特异性方式进行描述，旨在为合成化学最终用户提供指导。