Developing simple, inexpensive, fast, sensitive, and specific probes for antibiotic-resistant bacteria is crucial for the management of urinary tract infections (UTIs). We here propose a paper-based sensor for the rapid detection of -lactamase-producing bacteria in the urine samples of UTI patients. By conjugating a strongly electronegative group –N(CH) with the core structures of cephalosporin and carbapenem antibiotics, two visual probes were achieved to respectively target the extended-spectrum/AmpC -lactamases (ESBL/AmpC) and carbapenemase, the two most prevalent factors causing antibiotic resistance. By integrating these probes into a portable paper sensor, we confirmed 10 and 8 cases out of 30 clinical urine samples as ESBL/AmpC- and carbapenemase-positive, respectively, demonstrating 100% clinical sensitivity and specificity. This paper sensor can be easily conducted on-site, without resorting to bacterial culture, providing a solution to the challenge of rapid detection of -lactamase-producing bacteria, particularly in resource-limited settings.

中文翻译：

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使用纸传感器对尿路感染中产生 β-内酰胺酶的细菌进行无培养检测

开发简单、廉价、快速、灵敏和特异性的抗生素耐药细菌探针对于尿路感染 (UTI) 的治疗至关重要。我们在这里提出了一种纸基传感器，用于快速检测尿路感染患者尿液样本中产生β内酰胺酶的细菌。通过将强电负性基团 –N(CH) 与头孢菌素和碳青霉烯类抗生素的核心结构结合，获得了两种视觉探针，分别针对超广谱/AmpC-内酰胺酶 (ESBL/AmpC) 和碳青霉烯酶，这两种最常见的因素造成抗生素耐药性。通过将这些探针集成到便携式纸传感器中，我们分别确认了 30 个临床尿液样本中的 10 个和 8 个病例为 ESBL/AmpC 阳性和碳青霉烯酶阳性，表现出 100% 的临床敏感性和特异性。这种纸质传感器可以轻松地在现场进行，无需借助细菌培养，为快速检测产生β内酰胺酶的细菌的挑战提供了解决方案，特别是在资源有限的环境中。