In the present study, graphene, Na-alginate and FeO composites with algal biomass were prepared and employed for the removal of 2,4-D (2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) in batch and column modes. The de-oiled algal biomass () was pre-treated and used for biocomposite preparation. FTIR and SEM techniques were employed to analyze the functional groups and surface morphology of the biocomposites. In batch mode, the adsorption parameters were optimized and at 2 pH, 0.05 g biosorbent dosage, 303 K, 90 min contact time and 50 mg/L pesticide concentrations were the optimum levels. The HSO pre-treated biomass, graphene/algal, FeO/algal and Na-alginate/algal biocomposite showed biosorption capacities of 19.73, 20.43, 21.34 and 19.2 (mg/g), respectively for 2,4-D removal. The 2,4-D adsorption data followed Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics models. The flow rate, bed height and initial concentration of pesticide were optimized in column mode, and 8.55 mg/g 2,4-D was removed at bed height 2 cm and 50 mg/L initial pesticide concentration. A desorption study was also performed for the recycling of the biocomposites. Results revealed that the graphene, Na-alginate and FeO composites with algal biomass are highly effective for the adsorption of 2,4-D and could be employed for the remediation of 2,4-D from the effluents.

中文翻译：

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用于吸附去除 2,4-D 除草剂的藻类生物质与氧化石墨烯和海藻酸钠的可再生功能复合材料

在本研究中，制备了石墨烯、海藻酸钠和 Fe3O 与藻类生物质的复合材料，并用于以批量和柱模式去除 2,4-D（2, 4-二氯苯氧基乙酸）。将脱油的藻类生物质()进行预处理并用于生物复合材料的制备。采用 FTIR 和 SEM 技术分析生物复合材料的官能团和表面形貌。在批量模式下，对吸附参数进行了优化，最佳水平为pH 2、生物吸附剂用量0.05 g、温度303 K、接触时间90 分钟和农药浓度50 mg/L。 HSO 预处理的生物质、石墨烯/藻类、Fe3O/藻类和藻酸钠/藻类生物复合材料的 2,4-D 去除能力分别为 19.73、20.43、21.34 和 19.2 (mg/g)。 2,4-D 吸附数据遵循 Freundlich 等温线和伪二级动力学模型。在柱模式下对流速、床高和农药初始浓度进行优化，在床高2 cm、农药初始浓度50 mg/L时去除8.55 mg/g 2,4-D。还针对生物复合材料的回收进行了解吸研究。结果表明，石墨烯、海藻酸钠和 Fe3O 与藻类生物质的复合材料对 2,4-D 的吸附非常有效，可用于废水中 2,4-D 的修复。