Organelles, crucial components within eukaryotic cells, play a vital role in sustaining normal physiological functions and cellular activities. The physiological role of a biomolecule in a cell is not only related to its concentration but also to its location within the cell. Misplacement of biomolecules within the cell can disrupt normal cellular functions. To comprehend the pathological impact of organelles and their associated signaling molecules in diseases, multiple assays have been devised to measure diverse organelle biomarkers. Small-molecule fluorescent probes, with advantages like high sensitivity, spatiotemporal resolution, reproducibility, and low toxicity, play an irreplaceable role in real-time, in situ biomarker imaging. Recently, the focus has shifted towards utilizing organelle-targeted fluorescent probes to identify pertinent biomarkers in diverse human diseases. This work reviews recent advancements in organelle-targeted small-molecule fluorescent probes, with a focus on their chemical structures, detection mechanisms, and applications.

中文翻译：

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靶向细胞器荧光探针的进展：设计策略、应用和前景

细胞器是真核细胞内的重要组成部分，在维持正常的生理功能和细胞活动中发挥着至关重要的作用。生物分子在细胞中的生理作用不仅与其浓度有关，还与其在细胞内的位置有关。细胞内生物分子的错位会破坏正常的细胞功能。为了了解细胞器及其相关信号分子在疾病中的病理影响，已经设计了多种测定法来测量不同的细胞器生物标志物。小分子荧光探针具有灵敏度高、时空分辨率高、重现性好、毒性低等优点，在实时、原位生物标志物成像中发挥着不可替代的作用。最近，焦点已转向利用细胞器靶向荧光探针来识别多种人类疾病中的相关生物标志物。这项工作回顾了细胞器靶向小分子荧光探针的最新进展，重点关注其化学结构、检测机制和应用。