The tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) allows for the measurement of precise and accurate distances to nearby galaxies based on the brightest ascent of low-mass red giant branch stars before they undergo the helium flash. With the advent of JWST, there is great promise to utilize the technique to measure galaxy distances out to at least 50 Mpc, significantly further than the Hubble Space Telescope's (HST's) reach of 20 Mpc. However, with any standard candle, it is first necessary to provide an absolute reference. Here, we use Cycle 1 data to provide an absolute calibration in the F090W filter. F090W is most similar to the F814W filter commonly used for TRGB measurements with HST, which had been adopted by the community due to its minimal dependence on the underlying metallicities and ages of stars. The imaging we use was taken in the outskirts of NGC 4258, which has a direct geometrical distance measurement from the Keplerian motion of its water megamaser. Utilizing several measurement techniques, we find MTRGBF090W = −4.362 ± 0.033 (stat) ± 0.045 (sys) mag (Vega) for the metal-poor TRGB. We also perform measurements of the TRGB in two Type Ia supernova hosts, NGC 1559 and NGC 5584. We find good agreement between our TRGB distances and previous determinations of distances to these galaxies from Cepheids (Δ = 0.01 ± 0.06 mag), with these differences being too small to explain the Hubble tension (∼0.17 mag). In addition, we showcase the serendipitous discovery of a faint dwarf galaxy near NGC 5584.

中文翻译：

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JWST 红巨星分支距离的提示：NGC 4258 中的绝对校准以及 Ia 型超新星宿主的首次应用

红巨星分支的尖端（TRGB）可以根据低质量红巨星分支恒星在经历氦闪之前最亮的上升来测量到附近星系的精确距离。随着 JWST 的出现，人们有望利用该技术测量至少 50 Mpc 的星系距离，远远超出哈勃太空望远镜 (HST) 的 20 Mpc 范围。然而，对于任何标准蜡烛，首先需要提供绝对参考。在这里，我们使用周期 1 数据在 F090W 滤波器中提供绝对校准。 F090W 与常用于 HST 的 TRGB 测量的 F814W 滤波器最相似，由于其对底层金属丰度和恒星年龄的依赖性最小，该滤波器已被社区采用。我们使用的成像是在 NGC 4258 的郊区拍摄的，该卫星可以根据其水巨脉泽的开普勒运动进行直接几何距离测量。利用多种测量技术，我们发现 中号TRRGBF090瓦 对于贫金属 TRGB，= −4.362 ± 0.033 (stat) ± 0.045 (sys) mag (Vega)。我们还对两个 Ia 型超新星宿主 NGC 1559 和 NGC 5584 中的 TRGB 进行了测量。我们发现我们的 TRGB 距离与之前确定的造父变星到这些星系的距离 (Δ = 0.01 ± 0.06 mag) 非常一致，但也存在这些差异太小而无法解释哈勃张力（∼0.17 mag）。此外，我们还展示了在 NGC 5584 附近偶然发现的微弱矮星系。