The advancement of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) is often hampered by the dendritic zinc growth and the parasitic side reactions between the zinc anode and the aqueous electrolyte, especially under extreme temperature conditions. This study unveils the performance decay mechanism of zinc anodes in harsh environments, characterized by “dead zinc” at low temperatures and aggravated hydrogen evolution and adverse by-products at elevated temperatures. To address these issues, a temperature self-adaptive electrolyte (TSAE), founded on the competitive coordination principle of co-solvent and anions, is introduced. This electrolyte exhibits a dynamic solvation capability, engendering an inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interface (SEI) at low temperatures while an organic alkyl ether- and alkyl carbonate-containing SEI at elevated temperatures. The self-adaptability of the electrolyte significantly enhances the performance of the zinc anode across a broad temperature range. A Zn//Zn symmetrical cell, based on the TSAE, showcases reversible plating/stripping exceeding 16 800 h (>700 d) at room temperature under 1 mA cm⁻² and 1 mAh cm⁻², setting a record of lifespan. Furthermore, the TSAE enables stable operation of the zinc full batteries across an ultrawide temperature range of −35 to 75 °C. This work illuminates a pathway for optimizing AZIBs under extreme temperatures by fine-tuning the interfacial chemistry.

中文翻译：

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一种宽温水系锌离子电池温度自适应电解质


水性锌离子电池（AZIB）的发展常常受到枝晶锌生长以及锌阳极和水性电解质之间的寄生副反应的阻碍，特别是在极端温度条件下。这项研究揭示了锌阳极在恶劣环境下的性能衰减机制，其特点是在低温下“死锌”，在高温下加剧析氢和不利副产物。为了解决这些问题，提出了一种基于共溶剂和阴离子竞争配位原理的温度自适应电解质（TSAE）。该电解质表现出动态溶剂化能力，在低温下产生富含无机物的固体电解质界面（SEI），而在高温下产生含有有机烷基醚和碳酸烷基酯的SEI。电解质的自适应能力显着增强了锌阳极在宽温度范围内的性能。基于 TSAE 的 Zn//Zn 对称电池在室温下 1 mA cm ⁻² 和 1 mAh cm ⁻²