The extraction of lithium (Li) from spent Li-ion batteries (LIBs) can alleviate the shortage of primary raw materials and therefore benefit environmental and economic aspects. However, current Li recovery strategies from spent industrial LIBs result in low Li recovery and purity, because Li recovery is usually conducted after the recovery of Ni, Co, and Mn. In the last few years, preferential selective Li extraction has attracted attention for tackling the shortage of Li resources. In this review, we present current advances in preferentially selective Li extraction technologies for treating spent LIB cathode materials. After introducing the reaction principles and mechanisms of the different recovery methods such as hydrometallurgical processes, combined pyro-hydrometallurgical processes, electrochemistry, mechanochemical methods, membrane separation, and deep eutectic solvent leaching, the advantages and disadvantages of each method are evaluated. Analysis of the available data revealed that the preferential recovery of Li via hydrometallurgical processes and combined pyro-hydrometallurgical processes may be the most viable methods for industrialization. This review offers insights into the environmental and economic benefits of the different preferentially selective Li extraction processes. Furthermore, it provides references for subsequent research and insights for further developments in industrial practices related to selective Li recovery from spent LIBs.

中文翻译：

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从废旧锂离子电池中优先选择性回收锂的最新进展：综述

从废旧锂离子电池（LIB）中提取锂（Li）可以缓解初级原材料的短缺，从而有利于环境和经济方面。然而，目前从废工业锂离子电池中回收锂的策略导致锂回收率和纯度较低，因为锂回收通常是在回收镍、钴和锰之后进行的。近年来，优先选择性提锂因解决锂资源短缺问题而受到关注。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了用于处理废锂离子电池正极材料的优先选择性锂提取技术的最新进展。介绍了湿法冶金工艺、火法-湿法冶金联合工艺、电化学、机械化学法、膜分离、深度共晶溶剂浸出等不同回收方法的反应原理和机理，评价了每种方法的优缺点。对现有数据的分析表明，通过湿法冶金工艺和火法-湿法冶金联合工艺优先回收锂可能是最可行的工业化方法。本综述提供了对不同优先选择性锂提取工艺的环境和经济效益的见解。此外，它为后续研究提供参考，并为从废锂离子电池中选择性回收锂相关的工业实践的进一步发展提供参考。